Camptocormia: Difference between revisions
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==Aetiology== | ==Aetiology== | ||
There are two competing hypothesis, one is that it has a CNS cause, and the other that it has a PNS cause. In the CNS hypothesis the affected area is the striatum and its projections to the [[Spinal Cord Anatomy|reticulospinal tract]] or thalamus. In the PNS hypothesis there is myopathy of the antigravity spine extension muscles. It only rarely has a psychiatric origin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Finsterer|first=Josef|last2=Strobl|first2=Walter|date=2010|title=Presentation, etiology, diagnosis, and management of camptocormia|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20634620|journal=European Neurology|volume=64|issue=1|pages=1ā8|doi=10.1159/000314897|issn=1421-9913|pmid=20634620}}</ref> | |||
*Parkinson's disease: the most common cause | *Parkinson's disease: the most common cause, but usually only develops when the disease is severe. | ||
*Other parkinsonian syndromes | *Other parkinsonian syndromes | ||
*Multisystem atrophy | *Multisystem atrophy | ||
Revision as of 16:08, 26 March 2022
Camptocormia also known as bent spine syndrome is a usually organic disorder characterised by marked flexion (greater than 45 degrees) of the thoracolumbar spine that increases during the day and completely disappears when supine.
Terminology
The term comes from the Greek words "to bend" (kamptÅ) and "trunk" ("trunk").
Aetiology
There are two competing hypothesis, one is that it has a CNS cause, and the other that it has a PNS cause. In the CNS hypothesis the affected area is the striatum and its projections to the reticulospinal tract or thalamus. In the PNS hypothesis there is myopathy of the antigravity spine extension muscles. It only rarely has a psychiatric origin.[1]
- Parkinson's disease: the most common cause, but usually only develops when the disease is severe.
- Other parkinsonian syndromes
- Multisystem atrophy
- Alzheimer's disease
- Motor neuron disease
- Myaesthenia
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
- Dystonia
- Vascular lenticular lesions
- Primary or secondary myopathy
- Lumbar disc herniation
- Osteoarthritis
- Spinal trauma
- Paraneoplasia
- Medication side effects (olanzapine, donepezil, valproate, systemic steroids)
Epidemiology
In those with Parkinson's disease and camptocormia there is a male predominance, older age, longer duration of disease, and autonomic symptoms.[2]
Clinical Features
As the day goes on or during walking there is a progressive marked flexion of the thoracolumbar spine. It is relieved by sitting and lying supine. It can also be relieved volitionally by extending the trunk when the patient leans against a wall. There may be associated lateral deviation of the trunk. In two thirds of patients there is a lumbar or thoracolumbar scoliosis.[2]
Treatment
Treatment is usually unrewarding. Where possible treatment should be directed to the underlying cause.
Further Reading
References
- ā Finsterer, Josef; Strobl, Walter (2010). "Presentation, etiology, diagnosis, and management of camptocormia". European Neurology. 64 (1): 1ā8. doi:10.1159/000314897. ISSN 1421-9913. PMID 20634620.
- ā 2.0 2.1 Benatru, I.; Vaugoyeau, M.; Azulay, J.-P. (2008-12). "Postural disorders in Parkinson's disease". Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical Neurophysiology. 38 (6): 459ā465. doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2008.07.006. ISSN 0987-7053. PMID 19026965. Check date values in:
|date=(help)
Literature Review
Literature Review
- Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI Bookshelf
- Articles from all years: PubMed search, Google Scholar search.
- TRIP Database: clinical publications about evidence-based medicine.
- Other Wikis: Radiopaedia, Wikipedia Search, Wikipedia I Feel Lucky, Orthobullets,
