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Lateral Hip Rotators
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There is surprisingly little consensus on the anatomy of the lateral hip rotators[1]
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Innervation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piriformis | Anterior surface of sacrum between and laterally to the anterior sacral foramina | Superior boundary of greater trochanter | Nerve to the piriformis (S1-S2) |
| Gemellus Superior | Ischial spine | Upper edge of Obturator internus muscle tendon (indirectly greater trochanter) | Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2) |
| Internal Obturator | Medial surface of obturator membrane and the surrounding bone | Medial surface of greater trochanter | Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2) |
| Gemellus Inferior | Just above the tuberosity of the ischium | Lower edge of Obturator internus muscle tendon (indirectly greater trochanter) | Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1) |
| Quadratus Femoris | Lateral edge of the tuberosity of the ischium | Intertrochanteric crest | Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1) |
| External Obturator | Lateral surface of obturator membrane and the ischiopubic ramus | Trochanteric fossa | Posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3-L4) |
Lumbosacral Plexus Images
Lumbar Plexus
Lumbar Plexus
Subcostal nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Obturator nerve
Femoral nerve
Lumbosacral trunk
Sacral Plexus
Sacral Plexus
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Nerve to piriformis
Sciatic nerve
Nerve to quadratus and inferior glemellus
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Perforating cutaneous nerve
Pudendal nerve
Nerves to perineum and levator ani
