Peroneal Tendon Sheath Injection

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Peroneal Tendon Sheath Injection
Indication	Peroneal Tendinopathy
Syringe	3mL
Needle	25-gauge 1.5-inch needle
Steroid	1mL of 40mg triamcinolone.
Local	1mL of 1% lidocaine
Volume	2mL

Anatomy

The peroneal tendons are located in the lateral compartment of the leg behind the lateral malleolus. Peroneus longus then divides and passes under the arch of the foot and inserts at the base of the great toe. Peroneus brevis inserts into the base of the fifth metatarsal. The division of the two tendons can be found by having the patient hold the foot in strong eversion and palpating for the V-shaped fork of the two tendons. They are the primary structures provided foot eversion. They are important active stabilisers of the ankle joint. Three are three categories of painful peroneal tendon disorders: tendinopathy, instability (subluxation and dislocation), and tears and ruptures.

Indications and Efficacy

In a study of 96 patients who had peroneal tendon sheath injections, 25% progressed to surgery. 43.7% reported 0-1 weeks of pain relief, 12.6% 2-6 weeks, 6.9% 7-12 weeks, and 36.8% greater than 12 weeks. Preinjection duration of symptoms was associated with post-injection duration of pain relief (P=.036). Patients with less than 1 year of symptoms had a median 6-12 weeks of postinjection pain relief.

Technique

Ultrasound Guided

Ultrasound guided in-plane peroneal tendon sheath injection

• Position: Lateral decubitus
• Outline distal fibula with a pen
• Clean area with alcohol, and load 1mL of 1% lidocaine and 1mL of 40mg triamcinolone.
• 25-gauge 1.5-inch needle
• High frequency probe in transverse position
• Visualise tendons running together at the level of the distal fibula
• Visualise needle during injection to confirm intrasheath, extratendinous injection.

Landmark Guided

In a study of 20 cadavers, landmark guidance was only 60% accurate, vs 100% accurate for ultrasound.

• Position: Supine with foot supported in slight internal rotation
• Identify and mark the division between the two tendons
• Insert the needle perpendicularly at the division.
• Turn the needle and slide it horizontally towards the malleolus
• Inject solution into the combined tendon sheath. There should be minimal resistance.

Complications

In a study of 96 patients, there were 2 reported complications (1.8%): 1 case of self-limited sural nerve irritation and 1 of peroneus longus tear progression.

Aftercare

Avoid overuse of the ankle for one week. The causative factors should be addressed where possible.

Literature Review

Literature Review

Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI Bookshelf

Articles from all years: PubMed search, Google Scholar search.

TRIP Database: clinical publications about evidence-based medicine.

Other Wikis: Radiopaedia, Wikipedia Search, Wikipedia I Feel Lucky, Orthobullets,