File:Whiplash cervical spine motion.png

Summary

A: The torso motion during simulated rear-end impact. The subject’s torso pushes upward and forward from the seat back with backward rotation. This torso motion and head inertia produces the force to the neck.

B: in situ whiplash motion. The backward rotation starts from C7 and gradually transfers to the upper vertebrae. The cervical spine moves in a whiplash-like manner. During this process, the cervical spine shows flexion in the early phase and is S-shaped in the middle phase.

C: The hypothesis of the whiplash injury mechanism. In the S-shaped position, the motion segment at the apex of the convex curvature receives rotational torque that collides with each articular facet. We hypothesize this facet im�pingement inflames the synovial fold in the zygapophyseal joint and causes neck pain.

Copyrighted.

Koji Kaneoka, Koshiro Ono, Satoshi Inami, Naoyuki Ochiai & Koichiro Hayashi (2002) The Human Cervical Spine Motion During Rear-Impact Collisions, Journal of Whiplash & Related Disorders, 1:1, 85-97, DOI: 10.3109/J180v01n01_08

Licencing

This file is copyrighted, and is reproduced in a limited way under the fair-use doctrine. It falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine.