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| ==Clinical Question== | | ==Clinical Question== |
| What is the contribution of genetics to disc degeneration?
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| ==Bottom Line== | | ==Bottom Line== |
| There is a substantial influence of heredity on lumbar disc degeneration. There is little effect on disc degeneration from occupational and leisure-time physical loading, and increased loading may have a small benefit. There is only a small effect from smoking. Body weight and muscle strength have modest effects on disc degeneration. Some candidate genes were identified.
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| ==Study Design== | | ==Study Design== |
| The Twin Spine Study, which started in 1991, is a multidisciplinary, multinational research project with collaborators primarily in Canada, Finland, and the United States. They investigated occupational exposures, driving and whole-body vibration exposure, smoking exposure, anthropomorphic factors, heritability, and the identification of genotypes associated with disc degeneration.
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| ==Population Studied== | | ==Population Studied== |
| ===Inclusion Criteria=== | | ===Inclusion Criteria=== |
Revision as of 18:04, 3 April 2021
Krebs et al.. Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients With Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018. 319:872-882. PMID: 29509867. DOI. Full Text.
Clinical Question
Bottom Line
Study Design
Population Studied
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Baseline Characteristics
Interventions
Outcomes/Results
Primary Outcomes
Secondary Outcomes
Adverse events
Discussion
Criticism
Funding
See Also
