EBQ:Twin Spine Study
From WikiMSK
Battie M, et al. "The Twin Spine Study: Contributions to a changing view of disc degeneration". The Spine Journal. 2009. 9:47-59.
PubMed PDF
PubMed PDF
Clinical Question
What is the contribution of genetics to disc degeneration?
Conclusion
There is a substantial influence of heredity on lumbar disc degeneration. There is little effect on disc degeneration from occupational and leisuretime physical loading, and increased loading may have a small benefit. There is only a small effect from smoking. Body weight and muscle strength have modest effects on disc degeneration.
