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Knee Joint: Difference between revisions
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|name= | |name= | ||
|synonym= | |synonym= | ||
|type= | |type=Saddle joint between patella and femur | ||
|bones= | |bones=Tibia, femur, patella (tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints) | ||
|ligaments= | |ligaments= | ||
|muscles= | |muscles= | ||
|innervation= | |innervation=Branches from the femoral, tibial, common peroneal, and obturator nerves | ||
|vasculature= | |vasculature=Genicular branches of the popliteal artery | ||
|rom=Mainly sagittal plane: 3° of hyperextension to 155° of flexion | |rom=Mainly sagittal plane: 3° of hyperextension to 155° of flexion | ||
|volume= | |volume= | ||
Revision as of 18:55, 22 July 2021
This article is a stub.
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| Knee Joint | |
|---|---|
| Primary Type | Saddle joint between patella and femur"Saddle joint between patella and femur" is not in the list (Synovial Joint, Cartilaginous Joint, Fibrous Joint, Compound Joint) of allowed values for the "Has joint type" property. |
| Secondary Type | |
| Bones | Tibia, femur, patella (tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints)"Patella (tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints)" is not in the list (Vertebra, Sacrum, Coccyx, Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Scaphoid, Lunate, ...) of allowed values for the "Has joint bones" property. |
| Ligaments | |
| Muscles | |
| Innervation | Branches from the femoral, tibial, common peroneal, and obturator nerves |
| Vasculature | Genicular branches of the popliteal artery |
| ROM | Mainly sagittal plane: 3° of hyperextension to 155° of flexion |
| Volume | |
| Conditions | |
The knee is composed of the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint and is the largest joint in the body. It sits between the body's two longest lever arms namely the tibia and the femur which lends it to injury.
Movement
- Sagittal plane motion dominates along with quadriceps muscle group action.
- The typical range of motion is from 3° of hyperextension to 155° of flexion. In cultures where squatting is common flexion can reach beyond 155°.
- Rotation is restricted by the interlocking of the femoral and tibial condyles. This is because the medial femoral condyle is longer than the lateral condyle; and also because there is tightening of the collateral ligaments, ACL, and posterior capsule.
- Rotation is maximum at 30-40° of flexion where external tibial rotation is approximately 18° and internal tibial rotation is approximately 25°. Rotation is constant up to approximately 120° of flexion and then reduces up to full flexion due to soft tissue tightening.
- Frontal plane (abduction/varus and adduction/valgus).
- At full extension there is almost no frontal plane motion. Passive frontal plane motion increases with knee flexion up to 30°, but only up to a few degrees. With flexion past 30° there is reduced frontal plane motion due to soft tissue limitation.
- For normal activities of daily living a range of motion of 117° of flexion is required. However squatting and kneeling require higher ranges of motion. During gait, the range of flexion needed increases from 0-6° with slow walking up to 18-30° with running.
