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Ligaments of the Foot and Ankle
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The ligaments that surround the ankle act to limit plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, anterior and posterior movement of the foot, tilting of the talus, and inversion and eversion. Each of the different lateral ligaments have different roles in ankle stabilisation that depends on the position of the foot. Ankle stability depends on ligament orientation, loading type, and ankle position at the point of stress. The lateral ankle is more susceptible to injury.[1]
| Ligament | Insertion | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Anterior talofibular | Lateral malleolus TO neck of talus | Limits anterior displacement of foot or talar |
| Anterior talotibial | Anterior margin of tibia TO front margin on talus | Limits plantarflexion and abduction of foot |
| Calcaneocuboid | Calcaneus TO cuboid on dorsal surface | Limits inversion of foot |
| Calcaneofibular | Lateral malleolus TO tubercle on outer calcaneus | Resists backward displacement of foot; resists inversion |
| Deltoid | Medial malleolus TO talus, navicular, calcaneus | Resists valgus forces to ankle; limits plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction of foot |
| Dorsal (tarsometatarsal) | Tarsals TO metatarsals | Supports arch; maintains relationship between tarsals and metatarsal |
| Dorsal calcaneocuboid | Calcaneus TO cuboid on dorsal side | Limits inversion |
| Dorsal talonavicular | Neck of talus TO superior surface of navicular | Supports talonavicular joint; limits inversion |
| Interosseous (intertarsal) | Connects adjacent tarsals | Supports arch of foot, intertarsal joints |
| Interosseous (talocalcaneal) | Undersurface of talus TO upper surface of calcaneus | Limits pronation, supination, abduction, adduction, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion |
| Plantar calcaneocuboid | Undersurface of calcaneus TO undersurface of cuboid | Supports arch |
| Plantar calcaneonavicular | Anterior margin of calcaneus TO undersurface on navicular | Supports arch; limits abduction |
| Posterior talofibular | Inner, back lateral malleolus TO posterior surface of talus | Limits plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion; supports lateral ankle |
| Posterior talotibial | Tibial TO talus behind articulating facet | Limits planatarflexion; supports medial ankle |
| Talocalcaneal | Connecting anterior/posterior, medial, lateral talus TO calcaneus | Supports subtalar joint |
