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Lumbar Spine Examination
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Inspection
- Gait
- Stature
- Build
- Transitioning movements
- Lumbar alignment coronal plane
- Lumbar alignment sagittal plane
- Pelvic alignment
- Thoracolumbar alignment coronal plane
- Thoracolumbar alignment sagittal plane
Palpation
- Skin drag
- Skin rolling
- Vertebral springing tenderness
- Rotation testing
- Iliac crest palpation
- PSIS palpation
- Long dorsal sacroiliac and sacrotuberous ligament palpation
- Iliopsoas palpation
- Gluteus medius, minimus, and piriformis palpation
Movement
- Forward flexion
- Extension
- Side flexion
- Rotation
- Extension/Rotation test
Special Tests
- Slump test
- Straight leg raise
- Femoral stretch test
- Sacroiliac joint provocation testing
- Iliopsoas length test
- Provocation test
Neurological Exam
- Tone
- Power
- Reflexes - knee reflex (L3, L4), medial hamstring (L5), achilles (S1) [1]
- Sensation
- Plantar reflexes