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Thoracic Pain Maps
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Thoracic ZA Joints
From Dreyfuss 1994 [1]
Thoracic Interspinous Ligaments
Kellgren in 1939 produced the original referred pain maps from noxious stimulation of the interspinous ligaments. Kellgrenโs findings were reproduced by Feinstein et al. 1954 who produced similar maps. Pain patterns are not identical between studies, and vary between individuals.
See Also
- โ Dreyfuss P, Tibiletti C, Dreyer SJ. Thoracic zygapophyseal joint pain patterns. A study in normal volunteers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;19(7):807-811. doi:10.1097/00007632-199404000-00014