Thoracic Pain Maps

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Thoracic ZA Joints

From Dreyfuss 1994

Thoracic Zygapophyseal Joint Pain Patterns - Dreyfuss 1994 - 514 KB (f)

In normal volunteers

Thoracic Interspinous Ligaments

Kellgren in 1939 produced the original referred pain maps from noxious stimulation of the interspinous ligaments. Kellgren’s findings were reproduced by Feinstein et al. 1954 who produced similar maps. Pain patterns are not identical between studies, and vary between individuals.

See Also

• Somatic Referred Pain
• Lumbar Pain Maps
• Cervical Pain Maps