Ankle Examination

Examination Structure

• Gait
• Look
• Feel
• Move
• Special tests
  • Syndesmosis
    • Squeeze test, external rotation
  • Lateral ligamentous complex
    • Anterior drawer, talar tilt
  • Achilles
    • Simmonds-Thompson test
  • Tarsal tunnel

Special Tests

• Anterior drawer test – ATFL
• Talar tilt test – ATFL + CFL
• Syndesmotic squeeze or external rotation test – AITFL
• Thompson test – TA
• Triple compression test - tarsal tunnel

Test	Sensitivity	Specificity	+LR	-LR	Kappa
Anterior Drawer	0.33	0.73	1.27