Condyloid Joint

Condyloid joint

A condyloid joint, or an ellipsoid joint, is a type of synovial joint. It is defined as an articulation between the shallow depression of one bone and the rounded structure of another bone or bones. This type of joint is biaxial because it permits two axes of movement: flexion/extension and medial/lateral (abduction/adduction). An example is the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand between the distal metacarpal and proximal phalanx, commonly known as the knuckle.

List of Condyloid Joints

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Synovial Joint	Bones	Ligaments	Muscles	Innervation	Vasculature	ROM	Volume
Atlanto-occipital Joint	C1 (Atlas) Occiput	Two articular capsules, posterior atlanto-occipital membrane, anterior atlanto-occipital membrane	Flexion by longi capitis and recti capitis anteriores; extension by recti capitis posteriores major and minor, the obliquus capitis superior, the semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid, and upper fibres of the trapezius.	C1	Anastomosis between the deep cervical, occipital and vertebral arteries.	3.5 flexion, 21 extension, 10.9 lateral flexion each way, 6.7 rotation each way
Metacarpophalangeal Joint	Metacarpal Proximal Phalanx (Hand)	Capsule, two collateral ligaments, palmar (volar) ligament		Digital nerves from the ulnar and median nerves	Deep digital arteries from the superficial palmar arch
Metatarsophalangeal Joints	Metacarpal Proximal Phalanx (Foot)	Capsule, collateral ligamentous complexes, plantar plate. For great toe also sesamoid-phalangeal ligaments.	flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, dorsal and plantar Interossei, lumbricals	Digital nerves from the ulnar and median nerves	Deep digital arteries from the superficial palmar arch
Radiocarpal Joint	Radius Ulna Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum	Volar: radial collateral ligament to styloid process, radioscaphocapitate, ligament radiolunate ligament, radioscapholunate ligament; Dorsal: radioscaphoid ligament, radiolunate ligament, radiotriquetral ligament	flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, flexor carpi radialis	anterior interosseous nerve arising from median nerve (C5-T1), posterior interosseous nerve arising from radial nerve (C7-C8)	Palmar carpal arch (from palmar carpal branches of radial and ulnar arteries, reinforced by anterior interosseous artery and penetrating deep branches of deep palmar arch), dorsal carpal arch (formed by dorsal carpal branches of radial and ulnar arteries, reinforced by anterior and posterior interosseous arteries)