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First Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis: Difference between revisions
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Thumb-base osteoarthritis (first CMC joint) is a very common condition that predominantly affects postmenopausal women. | |||
==Aetiology== | ==Aetiology== | ||
The first CMCJ is highly mobile which is probably linked to an increased rate of degeneration. There is also an association with hypermobility | The first CMCJ is highly mobile which is probably linked to an increased rate of degeneration. There is also an association with hypermobility | ||
| Line 11: | Line 14: | ||
;Examination | ;Examination | ||
In advanced stages thenar muscle wasting combined with subluxation and adduction of the 1st metacarpal can lead to a characteristic "squaring" joint deformity" | |||
*Deformity at the base of the first MCPJ. | *Deformity at the base of the first MCPJ. | ||
*Adduction of the 1st metacarpal may occur which is visualised by a reduced 1st web space and hyperextension of MCPJ. | *Adduction of the 1st metacarpal may occur which is visualised by a reduced 1st web space and hyperextension of MCPJ. | ||
| Line 19: | Line 23: | ||
==Differential Diagnoses== | ==Differential Diagnoses== | ||
{{Subacute Radial Wrist Pain DDX}} | {{DDX Box|ddx-text={{Subacute Radial Wrist Pain DDX}}}} | ||
==Investigations== | ==Investigations== | ||
| Line 26: | Line 30: | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
;Activity Modification | Treatment options are limited, and the available evidence is poor.<ref>Tenti S, Cheleschi S, Mondanelli N, Giannotti S, Fioravanti A. New Trends in Injection-Based Therapy for Thumb-Base Osteoarthritis: Where Are We and where Are We Going? Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 13;12:637904. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.637904. PMID: 33927620; PMCID: PMC8079141.</ref> | ||
'''Activity Modification''' | |||
;Surgery | |||
'''Hand Therapy''' | |||
'''Steroid Injection''' | |||
Corticosteroid injections can be useful to manage pain flares. | |||
'''Hypertonic Dextrose Injection''' | |||
Steroid slightly more effective at one month, dextrose slightly more effective at six months.<ref>Jahangiri A, Moghaddam FR, Najafi S. Hypertonic dextrose versus corticosteroid local injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the first carpometacarpal joint: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sci. 2014 Sep;19(5):737-43. doi: 10.1007/s00776-014-0587-2. Epub 2014 Aug 27. PMID: 25158896.</ref> | |||
'''Surgery''' | |||
The main options are arthrodesis and trapeziectomy. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7_iHbFVtHA for more information. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{Reliable sources}} | {{Reliable sources}} | ||
[[Category:Hand | [[Category:Hand and Wrist Conditions]] | ||
[[Category:Osteoarthritis]] | [[Category:Osteoarthritis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:14, 8 September 2023
This article is a stub.
Thumb-base osteoarthritis (first CMC joint) is a very common condition that predominantly affects postmenopausal women.
Aetiology
The first CMCJ is highly mobile which is probably linked to an increased rate of degeneration. There is also an association with hypermobility
Epidemiology
Increases with age, most common in postmenopausal women. The female to male ratio is 6:1.1
Assessment
- Base of thumb pain
- Activity related particularly gripping, using taps and door knobs, unscrewing lids, turning keys, sewing.
- Thumb weakness
- Examination
In advanced stages thenar muscle wasting combined with subluxation and adduction of the 1st metacarpal can lead to a characteristic "squaring" joint deformity"
- Deformity at the base of the first MCPJ.
- Adduction of the 1st metacarpal may occur which is visualised by a reduced 1st web space and hyperextension of MCPJ.
- Palpate for tenderness, crepitation, and subluxation
- Range of motion
- Power, pincer strength may be reduced
- Grind test: Hold the 1st metacarpal, move the thumb in a circular motion, and apply axial compression
Differential Diagnoses
Differential Diagnosis
- Scaphoid Fracture (missed)
- Non-union of scaphoid fracture
- De Quervain Tendinopathy
- Scaphoid impaction syndrome
- Intersection Syndrome
- Flexor carpi radialis tendinopathy
- Dorsal pole of lunate impingement on distal radius (gymnasts)
- Scapholunate dissociation
- First Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis
- Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) Joint Osteoarthritis
- Osteoarthritis of the radiocarpal joint
- Ganglia
- Radial sensory nerve entrapment in the forearm
- Crystal-induced arthritis
- C6 radicular syndrome
Investigations
Xray Inflammatory and rheumatological blood tests if required.
Management
Treatment options are limited, and the available evidence is poor.[1]
Activity Modification
Hand Therapy
Steroid Injection
Corticosteroid injections can be useful to manage pain flares.
Hypertonic Dextrose Injection
Steroid slightly more effective at one month, dextrose slightly more effective at six months.[2]
Surgery
The main options are arthrodesis and trapeziectomy. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7_iHbFVtHA for more information.
References
- ↑ Tenti S, Cheleschi S, Mondanelli N, Giannotti S, Fioravanti A. New Trends in Injection-Based Therapy for Thumb-Base Osteoarthritis: Where Are We and where Are We Going? Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 13;12:637904. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.637904. PMID: 33927620; PMCID: PMC8079141.
- ↑ Jahangiri A, Moghaddam FR, Najafi S. Hypertonic dextrose versus corticosteroid local injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the first carpometacarpal joint: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sci. 2014 Sep;19(5):737-43. doi: 10.1007/s00776-014-0587-2. Epub 2014 Aug 27. PMID: 25158896.
Literature Review
Literature Review
- Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI Bookshelf
- Articles from all years: PubMed search, Google Scholar search.
- TRIP Database: clinical publications about evidence-based medicine.
- Other Wikis: Radiopaedia, Wikipedia Search, Wikipedia I Feel Lucky, Orthobullets,
