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articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis in the ball-in-socket hip joint. Distal to the hip, the shaft courses toward the knee. Just above the knee joint

superficial of the adductor muscles, and is innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4). Functionally, the gracilis muscle acts as a primary adductor and medial

rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee Synergists Antagonists Spinal innervation Peripheral Innervation Vasculature

The Lateral Hip Rotators Piriformis Muscle Type Origin 2, 3, 4 costotransverse bars of anterior sacrum, few fibers from superior border of greater sciatic

knee joint laterally rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed) extends hip joint (long head only) external rotation of the thigh (long head only) L5

medially rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint (less than biceps femoris) Synergists Antagonists Quadriceps Femoris

femoris and vastus muscles Insertion Tibial tuberosity Action Knee extension; Hip flexion (Rectus femoris only) Synergists Antagonists Spinal innervation L2

medially rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint (less than biceps femoris) Synergists Quadriceps Femoris Antagonists

superior iliac spine Insertion Iliotibial tract (via greater trochanter) Action Hip - flexion, medial rotation, abduction, knee - lateral rotation, Torso - stabilization

rotates and stabilises the hip Synergists Antagonists Spinal innervation Peripheral Innervation Vasculature

Anterior hip and thigh muscles. Iliopsoas Muscle Type Feature Fusion of psoas major and iliacus muscles Origin Iliac fossa and lumbar spine Insertion Lesser

knee joint laterally rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed) extends hip joint (long head only) external rotation of the thigh (long head only) Synergists

v t e Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Iliac region Iliopsoas psoas major/psoas minor iliacus Buttocks

v t e Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Iliac region Iliopsoas psoas major/psoas minor iliacus Buttocks

v t e Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Iliac region Iliopsoas psoas major/psoas minor iliacus Buttocks

surface of lesser trochanter of femur Action Stabiliser and flexor of the hip, lateral flexion of the trunk. Synergists Antagonists Gluteus Maximus Spinal

v t e Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Iliac region Iliopsoas psoas major/psoas minor iliacus Buttocks

innervation Skin of medial thigh Motor innervation Adductor Magnus (anterior half), Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis, Obturator Externus

Soft tissue causes Hamstring sprain Hamstring Tendinopathy Adductor sprain Semimembranous or ischiogluteal bursitis Ischiofemoral impingement Referred

v t e Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Iliac region Iliopsoas psoas major/psoas minor iliacus Buttocks

v t e Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb Iliac region Iliopsoas psoas major/psoas minor iliacus Buttocks

Think of the hip with it's muscles as the rotator cuff of the lower limbs. Action: Hip abductors – 3 Glut medius, glut minimus, TFL Action: Hip extensors

L2, L3, L4 anterior rami Skin of medial thigh Adductor Magnus (anterior half), Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis, Obturator Externus

more widespread motor deficit and wasting, with involvement of the hip flexors and adductor muscles. The onset is typically characterised by severe pain in

femoral, and obturator nerves. The patient may have reduced strength of hip flexion and knee extension (L2-4) due to weakness of psoas, iliacus, pectineus

of knee flexion and hip extension. Lumbosacral plexopathy: foot drop with weakness of knee flexion, internal hip rotation, and hip abduction. Neurological

Avascular Necrosis Hip Labral Tear Femoroacetabular Impingement Hip Osteoarthritis Iliopsoas Tendinopathy Rectus Femoris Tendinopathy Adductor Tendinopathy Plain

or intensity too quickly, excessive static stretches involving end-range hip flexion, compressive load from sitting Systemic factors: Genetic factors,

sciatic other Muscular superior gluteal inferior gluteal Lateral Hip Rotators (to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus to obturator internus

swellings Look at the skin for pattern of bruising and rashes Assess gait (see hip) With the patient lying on couch: Look from the end of the couch for varus/valgus

tests are repeated hip flexion, hip flexion against resistance, FABER, and FADDIR testing. Reduced internal rotation may suggest hip joint osteoarthritis

unstable hip joint are treated surgically, in hopes of reconstructing the articular surface. If the reconstructed joint will not allow early hip joint range

entrapment syndrome - The clinical diagnosis triad of buttock pain, weakness of hip, abduction and marked tenderness on deep palpation in the region just lateral

pain with isometric loading (single leg hip hitch) can be helpful in making the diagnosis in the clinic. Adductor tendinopathy - This is difficult to diagnose