Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment (ACNES) Injection
| Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment (ACNES) Injection | |
|---|---|
| Indication | ACNES |
| Syringe | 10mL |
| Needle | 25G 38mm |
| Steroid | optional 10mg triamcinolone |
| Local | Clinician choice |
| Volume | 10mL |
Various authors have described a technique for performing a block for anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment (ACNE) [1][2]
Technique
Ultrasound Guided
- First locate the point of maximal tenderness using the Carnett Sign
- Position: Supine
- Ultrasound Anatomy
- Transverse plane in the midline at first to identify the rectus abdominis muscle and linea alba (the medial border of the rectus abdominis).
- Move the transducer laterally to view the lateral border of the rectus abdominis and the linea semilunaris
- The target abdominal cutaneous nerve normally exits between the rectus abdominis and linea semilunaris.
- Advance the needle lateral to medial in plane
- Aspirate to ensure needle not penetrated a blood vessel.
- Inject local anaesthetic +/- steroid around the nerve
Indications
Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
Risks
Infection, subcutaneous injection, allergic reaction, intravascular injection ADR from steroids
This procedure cannot be used to exclude a visceral cause of pain such as appendicitis. In recent one study of 100 patients with appendicitis, 39 had abdominal wall somatosensory disturbances in the right lower quadrant such as discriminative sensibility changes with a swab, vital sensibility with alcohol gauze, skin fold squeezing sensitivity, and/or positive Carnett's test. They reported cases of appendicitis where there was temporary improvement in pain following local anaesthetic injection, only for the patient's underlying appendicitis to later worsen.[3]
Aftercare
Advised to keep active within pain limits, and is reassessed about 10 days later. Repeated injections may be performed
Further Reading
References
- ↑ Hong MJ, Kim YD, Seo DH. Successful treatment of abdominal cutaneous entrapment syndrome using ultrasound guided injection. Korean J Pain. 2013;26(3):291-294. doi:10.3344/kjp.2013.26.3.291
- ↑ Misoon Lee, Yong-Ik Kim, Woobin Kang. Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome Using Ultrasonography. Soonchunhyang Medical Science (SMS) 2016; 22(2): 147-150
- ↑ Roumen RMH, Vening W, Wouda R, Scheltinga MM. Acute Appendicitis, Somatosensory Disturbances ("Head Zones"), and the Differential Diagnosis of Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (ACNES). J Gastrointest Surg. 2017 Jun;21(6):1055-1061. doi: 10.1007/s11605-017-3417-y. Epub 2017 Apr 14. PMID: 28411350.
Literature Review
Literature Review
- Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI Bookshelf
- Articles from all years: PubMed search, Google Scholar search.
- TRIP Database: clinical publications about evidence-based medicine.
- Other Wikis: Radiopaedia, Wikipedia Search, Wikipedia I Feel Lucky, Orthobullets,
