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fusion with the anterior layer at the lateral margin of the erector spinae. The erector spinae muscle and posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia should

Posterior the the transverse processes there is various components of the erector spinae. T2 Sagittal scans to the right of midline There are three main planes

minor is functionally insignificant compared to its companion Psoas Major muscle, and is not universally present in all humans.

sacroiliac screw placement, sacral ulcer debridement, muscle flap surgeries, iliac bone harvesting, trauma, muscle spasm, spinal canal stenosis, disc herniation

cervical erector spinae, upper trapezius, levator scapulae, thoracolumbar erector spinae, and hamstrings. there is a slightly extended cervical spine, flexion

attributed Thoracic muscle strain: Pain in a specific muscle with a history of activities consistent with a strain of that muscle. Tenderness on palpation

laterally by vertical lines tangential to the lateral margins of the erector spinae muscles. Sacral Spinal Pain is pain in a region bounded superiorly by an

in mind. Scheuermann's Disease Coronal Balance of the Spine Sagittal Balance of the Spine Spine Service (starship.org.nz) Ramirez N, Johnston CE, Browne

can be transmitted up from the lower limbs into the pelvis, sacrum, and spine. The sacroiliac joint is around 1-2mm wide and is formed within S1, S2, and

zygapophysial joints. Iliacus: anterosuperiorly Piriformis: anteroinferiorly Erector spinae: posteriorly Gluteus maximus: posteriorly Coccygeus Coccyx Sacroiliac

yellow flags is shown below. Main article: Lumbar Spine Examination The physical examination of the lumbar spine in general lacks reliability and validity. In

lordotic lumbar spine. In erect sitting, the facet joints do not bear any vertical load. During prolonged standing with a lordotic lumbar spine, the facet joints

of the iliopsoas muscle; fracture of the greater trochanter may be caused by the pull of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles. Isolated trochanter