Saddle Joint

Saddle joint

A saddle joint is an articulation between two bones that are saddle-shaped, or concave in one direction and convex in another. It is a type of Synovial Joint. This type of joint is biaxial, and one example is the first carpometacarpal joint between the trapezium (carpal) and the first metacarpal bone of the thumb. This arrangement permits the thumb to flex and extend (within the plane of the palm) as well as abduct and adduct (perpendicular to the palm). This dexterity gives humans the characteristic trait of “opposable” thumbs.

List of Saddle Joints

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Synovial Joint	Bones	Ligaments	Muscles	Innervation	Vasculature	ROM	Volume
First Carpometacarpal Joint (Trapeziometacarpal Joint)	Metacarpal Trapezium	Capsule, anterior oblique, ulnar collateral, first intermetacarpal, posterior oblique, dorsoradial ligaments.		Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, superficial radial nerve	First dorsal metacarpal branch of the radial artery	53° of flexion/extension, 42° of abduction/adduction, and 17° of rotation
Knee Joint	Tibia Femur Patella			Popliteal nerve, tibial nerve	Genicular branches of the popliteal artery	Mainly sagittal plane: 3° of hyperextension to 155° of flexion
Sternoclavicular Joint	Clavicle Rib 1 Manubrium	Sternoclavicular, costoclavicular, interclavicular ligs.		Medial supraclavicular (C3-4) and subclavian (C5-6) nn.	Internal thoracic and suprascapular aa. (branches of the subclavian a.)	35° in the horizontal and coronal planes, 70° range of motion anteroposteriorly, 50° of rotation along its long axis.