Pivot Joint

Pivot joint

A pivot joint is an articulation within a ligamentous ring between the rounded end of one bone and another bone. This type of joint is uniaxial because, although the bone rotates within this ring, it does so around a single axis. An example would be the atlantoaxial joint between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) of the vertebrae, permitting side-to-side head motion. Another example is the proximal radioulnar joint. The radius sits in the annular radial ligament, which holds it in place as it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, which permits pronation and supination.

List of Pivot Joints

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Synovial Joint	Bones	Ligaments	Muscles	Innervation	Vasculature	ROM	Volume
Atlanto-axial Joint	C1 (Atlas) C2 (Axis)			C2		Rotation ~45° each way, flexion-extension ~10° each way, and lateral flexion ~5° each way
Distal Radioulnar Joint	Radius Ulna	Triangular, anterior distal radioulnar, and posterior distal radioulnar ligaments	Pronation: pronator quadratus, pronator teres; Supination: supinator, biceps brachii	Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves	Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
Proximal Radioulnar Joint	Radius Ulna	Annular ligament		Articular branches of the musculocutaneous, median, and radial nerve	Radial portion of the peri-articular arterial anastomosis of the elbow joint