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medial longitudinal arch of the foot with continued progressive deformity of the foot and ankle. The anatomy of the foot and ankle are complex, with multiple

strike: the ankle is in slight plantarflexion. This increases until foot flat. Midstance: this reverse to dorsiflexion as the body passes over the foot. Toe-off:

(heel contusion) Achilles Tendinopathy Retrocalcaneal bursitis Posterior ankle impingement Calcaneal stress fracture Unicameral (simple) bone cyst Bone

navicular) Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Posterior Ankle Impingement Referred Pain from the lumbar spine Complications of acute ankle injuries Os tibiale externum (accessory

patient supine with foot perpendicular to leg Palpate sulcus lateral to medial malleolus and medial to TA and EHL tendons Then plantarflex foot with needle entering

joint 15-20 degrees and apply gentle traction Insert needle dorsally just medial or lateral to midline between the metatarsal head and base of proximal phalanx

inverts. When the subtalar joint inverts and the foot supinates, locking the transverse joint, and causing the foot to be transformed into a rigid structure

syndrome: a spectrum of conditions responsible for plantar lateral foot pain. Foot Ankle Int. 1994 Mar;15(3):112-24. doi: 10.1177/107110079401500306. PMID:

dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot Feel the skin temperature Feel/palpate for peripheral pulses Squeeze the MTPJs Feel/palpate the mid-foot, ankle joint

surround the ankle act to limit plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, anterior and posterior movement of the foot, tilting of the talus, and inversion and eversion

transverse and diagonal fibers to produce a spiral honeycomb effect. Abduction motion of the foot/ankle can be demonstrated by maintaining the foot flat on

weight-bearing AP or mortise view along with a lateral view is sufficient for foot and ankle assessment. Weight-bearing AP or mortise view Weight-bearing lateral

the ground when the body passes over the foot in toe-off. Main article: Ligaments of the Foot and Ankle Medial and lateral collateral ligaments: primary ligaments

presents with recurrent ankle sprain and a rigid flatfoot. In children aged 8-14 there may be progressive lateral ankle pain and a mildly stiff hindfoot

with the foot hanging down and the hip is in abduction and external rotation. The ankle is relaxed. Two layers are applied, an under-wrap and a brown rigid

calcaneofibular (346N), and deltoid (714N). The Ottawa Ankle rule is an accurate instrument for excluding fractures of the ankle and mid-foot. Sensitivity is almost

thickened plantar joint capsule, and medial and lateral flexor-tendon complexes. It courses from the first metatarsal head and attaches to the proximal phalanx

patient hold the foot in strong eversion and palpating for the V-shaped fork of the two tendons. They are the primary structures provided foot eversion. They

sagittal plane producing dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. There are collateral ligaments that are similar in location and function to those of the metatarsophalangeal

pain scores and the need for systemic analgesia , potentially decreasing side effects Foot and toe fractures Foot Burns Foreign Body in the Foot Abscess Requiring