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laterally by vertical lines tangential to the lateral margins of the erector spinae muscles. Sacral Spinal Pain is pain in a region bounded superiorly by an

cervical erector spinae, upper trapezius, levator scapulae, thoracolumbar erector spinae, and hamstrings. there is a slightly extended cervical spine, flexion

attachments. Joint stability is provided by multiple ligaments and muscles. The gluteal muscles form some of the connections between the pelvis and hip, and

minor is functionally insignificant compared to its companion Psoas Major muscle, and is not universally present in all humans.

Posterior the the transverse processes there is various components of the erector spinae. T2 Sagittal scans to the right of midline There are three main planes

zygapophysial joints. Iliacus: anterosuperiorly Piriformis: anteroinferiorly Erector spinae: posteriorly Gluteus maximus: posteriorly Coccygeus Coccyx Sacroiliac

fusion with the anterior layer at the lateral margin of the erector spinae. The erector spinae muscle and posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia should

in mind. Scheuermann's Disease Coronal Balance of the Spine Sagittal Balance of the Spine Spine Service (starship.org.nz) Ramirez N, Johnston CE, Browne

by vertical lines tangential to the most lateral borders of the erector spinae muscles. This area may be subdivided into upper, middle and lower thirds

need to be an injection into an adjacent structure like one of the erector spinae muscles. A pharmaceutical block would mean injecting normal saline around

yellow flags is shown below. Main article: Lumbar Spine Examination The physical examination of the lumbar spine in general lacks reliability and validity. In

lordotic lumbar spine. In erect sitting, the facet joints do not bear any vertical load. During prolonged standing with a lordotic lumbar spine, the facet joints

of the iliopsoas muscle; fracture of the greater trochanter may be caused by the pull of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles. Isolated trochanter

plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries Gemelli Muscles Origin: Superior Gemellus: Spine of ischium Inferior Gemellus: Upper border of ischial tuberosity

plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries Gemelli Muscles Origin: Superior Gemellus: Spine of ischium Inferior Gemellus: Upper border of ischial tuberosity