WikiMSK:Sandbox/box11
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Abductor Digiti Minimi (Foot) | Origin: Plantar aponeurosis | Insertion: Fifth toe or phalanges | Action: Flexion and abduction of the fifth toe | Antagonists: Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle | Peripheral Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve | Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery | |
Abductor Hallucis | Origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, Plantar aponeurosis, Flexor retinaculum | Insertion: Medial aspect of base of 1st phalanx of hallux | Action: Flexion and abduction of the great toe | Peripheral Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve | Blood Supply: Medial plantar artery | ||
Adductor Longus | Origin: External surface of body of pubis (triangular depression inferior to pubic crest and lateral to pubic symphysis) | Insertion: Linea aspera on middle one-third of shaft of femur | Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint | Spinal Innervation: L2, L3, L4 | Peripheral Innervation: Obturator Nerve | Blood Supply: Profunda femoris | |
Biceps Femoris | Origin: long head: medial facet of the ischial tuberosity short head: lateral linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur and adjacent intermuscular septum | Insertion: fibular head, crural fascia and lateral tibial condyle (common short and long head tendon) | Action: flexes knee joint
laterally rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed) extends hip joint (long head only) external rotation of the thigh (long head only) | Antagonists: Quadriceps Femoris | Spinal Innervation: L5, S1, S2 | Peripheral Innervation: long head: Tibial Nerve, short head: Common Peroneal Nerve | Blood Supply: inferior gluteal artery
perforating arteries popliteal artery |
Diaphragm | Origin: Sternal (arising from two strips under the xiphoid process), costal (arising from inner surfaces of lower six costal cartilages and adjoining ribs, interdigitating with the transversus abdominis muscle), lumbar (arising from the aponeurotic arches and lumbar vertebrae. | Insertion: Common insertion point of the central tendon | Action: Respiratory, straining, gastro-oesophageal sphincter control. | Spinal Innervation: C3-5 | Peripheral Innervation: Phrenic Nerve, separate branches innervate the crural and costal regions. | ||
External Obturator | Origin: Outer obturator membrane , rim of pubis and ischium bordering it | Insertion: Trochanteric fossa on medial surface of greater trochanter | Action: Adduct and externally rotate hip. | Blood Supply: Obturator artery. | |||
Flexor Digitorum Brevis | Origin: Calcaneus | Insertion: Middle phalanges of toe 2-5 | Action: Flexion of the lateral four digits | Antagonists: Extensor digitorum longus and Extensor digitorum brevis | Peripheral Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve | Blood Supply: Medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch, plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries | |
Gemelli Muscles | Origin:
| Insertion:
| Action: Externally rotates and stabilises the hip | ||||
Gluteus Maximus | Origin: Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament | Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur and iliotibial tract | Action: External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction of the hip | Antagonists: Psoas Major, Psoas Minor, Iliacus | Spinal Innervation: L5, S1, S2 | Peripheral Innervation: S1 and S2 nerve roots), Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5 | Blood Supply: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries |
Gluteus Medius | Origin: Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus Maximus. Three areas of origin: gluteal fossa, gluteal aponeurosis, and posterior inferior edge of the lip of the iliac crest. | Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur. Three points of insertion: tendinous portion of the aponeurosis inserts onto the superolateral facet, the remainder inserts along an anteroinferior oblique line on the lateral facet. | Action: Abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial/internal rotation and flexion of the hip (anterior fibers). Extension and Lateral/external rotation of the hip (posterior fibers) | Antagonists: Hip Adductors | Spinal Innervation: L4, L5, S1 | Peripheral Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve | Blood Supply: superior gluteal artery |
Gluteus Minimus | Origin: From area in between the anterior gluteal line and inferior gluteal line of Gluteal surface ilium, under gluteus medius. | Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur | Action: Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh. | Antagonists: Lateral Hip Rotators | Spinal Innervation: L4, L5, S1 | Peripheral Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve | Blood Supply: superior gluteal artery |
Gracilis | Origin: ischiopubic ramus | Insertion: tibia (pes anserinus) | Action: flexes, medially rotates, and adducts the hip | Peripheral Innervation: anterior branch of Obturator Nerve | Blood Supply: medial circumflex femoral artery | ||
Iliacus | Origin: Upper two-thirds of the iliac fossa | Insertion: Base of the lesser trochanter of femur | Action: Flexes and rotates medially thigh | Antagonists: Gluteus Maximus | Spinal Innervation: L2, L3 | Peripheral Innervation: Femoral Nerve | Blood Supply: Medial femoral circumflex artery, iliac branch of iliolumbar artery |
Iliopsoas | Origin: Iliac fossa and lumbar spine | Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur | Action: Flexor of the hip and trunk; lateral flexor of the trunk | Antagonists: Gluteus Maximus, Posterior Compartment of Thigh | Spinal Innervation: L1, L2, L3 | Peripheral Innervation: Femoral Nerve | Blood Supply: Medial femoral circumflex artery and iliolumbar artery |
Internal Obturator | Origin: Inner surface of obturator membrane and rim of pubis and ischium bordering membrane | Insertion: Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur | Action: Abducts & externally rotates the extended hip and abducts the flexed thigh at the hip, and stabilises the hip during walking | Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal artery | |||
Latissimus Dorsi | Origin: Inferior angle of the scapular, 9-12 ribs, spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia | Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus | Action: Extension, adduction and internal rotation of the arm, aids in respiration | Spinal Innervation: C6-C8 | Peripheral Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8) | ||
Piriformis | Origin: 2, 3, 4 costotransverse bars of anterior sacrum, few fibers from superior border of greater sciatic notch | Insertion: Anterior part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur | Action: Externally rotates and stabilises the hip | Spinal Innervation: S1, S2 | Peripheral Innervation: Nerve to Piriformis | Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal, lateral sacral and superior gluteal artery. | |
Psoas Major | Origin: Transverse processes of L1-5, bodies of T12-L5 and intervertebral discs below bodies of T12-L5 | Insertion: Middle surface of lesser trochanter of femur | Action: Stabiliser and flexor of the hip, lateral flexion of the trunk. | Antagonists: Gluteus Maximus | Spinal Innervation: L1, L2, L3 | Peripheral Innervation: Anterior primary rami of L1-3 nerves (mainly L2) | Blood Supply: lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, external iliac artery, femoral artery |
Psoas Minor | Origin: Lateral surface bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc | Insertion: Passes behind the inguinal ligament to insert into the iliopubic eminence | Action: Weak lumbar spine flexion | Antagonists: Erector Spinae | Spinal Innervation: L1 | Peripheral Innervation: Anterior ramus of L1 nerve root | |
Quadratus Femoris | Origin: Lateral edge of the tuberosity of the ischium | Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest | Action: lateral rotation and adduction of thigh | Spinal Innervation: L4, L5, S1 | Peripheral Innervation: Femoral Nerve (Nerve to quadratus femoris) | Blood Supply: medial circumflex femoral artery | |
Quadratus Lumborum | Origin: Posterior border of iliac crest | Insertion: Inferior border of 12th rib and L1-L5 | Action: Alone(unilateral), lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together (bilateral), depression of thoracic rib cage | Spinal Innervation: L1, L2, L3, L4, T12 | Peripheral Innervation: The twelfth thoracic and first through fourth ventral rami of lumbar nerves | Blood Supply: Lumbar arteries, lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery | |
Quadratus Plantae | Origin: Calcaneus, Long plantar ligament | Insertion: Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus | Action: Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion of DIP joints | Peripheral Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve | |||
Quadriceps Femoris | Origin: Combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles | Insertion: Tibial tuberosity | Action: Knee extension; Hip flexion (Rectus femoris only) | Spinal Innervation: L2, L3, L4 | Peripheral Innervation: Femoral Nerve | ||
Rectus Abdominis | Origin: Pubic symphysis, pubic crest | Insertion: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 | Action: Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration | Spinal Innervation: T7-T12 | Peripheral Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12) | ||
Sartorius | Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine | Insertion: Medial condyle of the tibia - superficial Pes Anserinus | Action: Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee | ||||
Semimembranosus | Origin: Ischial tuberosity | Insertion: Infraglenoid tubercle of the posterior medial tibial condyle, posterior joint capsule (contributing to the oblique popliteal ligament), popliteal fascia and posterior horn of medial meniscus | Action: Flexes knee joint, medially rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint (less than biceps femoris) | Spinal Innervation: L5, S1, S2 | Peripheral Innervation: Tibial Nerve | Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery | |
Semitendinosus | Origin: Ischial tuberosity | Insertion: As part of the pes anserine tendon, onto the medial superior tibia | Action: flexes knee joint, medially rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint (less than biceps femoris) | Antagonists: Quadriceps Femoris | Spinal Innervation: L5, S1, S2 | Peripheral Innervation: Tibial Nerve | Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery |
Tensor Fascia Lata | Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine | Insertion: Iliotibial tract (via greater trochanter) | Action: Hip - flexion, medial rotation, abduction, knee - lateral rotation, Torso - stabilization | Spinal Innervation: L4, L5, S1 | Peripheral Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve | Blood Supply: Primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal artery |