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Lumbosacral Plexus: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Nerve | ||
|quality=Partial | |||
|image=Lumbar and Sacral Plexus.jpg | |||
|caption=A: ventral aspect of the lumbar plexus. B: dorsal aspect of the sacral plexus. See [[:File:Lumbar and Sacral Plexus.jpg|abbreviations]] | |||
|type=Plexus | |||
|branchfrom=''Lumbar Plexus'': T12-L4<br>''Sacral Plexus'': L4-S4 | |||
|branchto=''Lumbar Plexus'': [[Femoral Nerve]], [[Genitofemoral Nerve]], [[Iliohypogastric Nerve]], [[Ilioinguinal Nerve]], [[Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve]], [[Lumbosacral Trunk]], [[Obturator Nerve]], [[Tibial Nerve]] and [[Common Peroneal Nerve]] (through sciatic trunk)<br> | |||
''Sacral Plexus'': [[Inferior Gluteal Nerve]], [[Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus]], [[Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and Inferior Gemellus]], [[Nerve to Piriformis]], [[Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve]], [[Pudendal Nerve]], [[Sciatic Nerve]], [[Superior Gluteal Nerve]], [[Perforating Cutaneous Nerve]] | |||
}} | |||
The lumbosacral plexus can be divided into two anatomical parts: the upper lumbar plexus and the lower lumbosacral plexus. | The lumbosacral plexus can be divided into two anatomical parts: the upper lumbar plexus and the lower lumbosacral plexus. | ||
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The lumbar plexus is located within the psoas muscle. It contains the canterior rami of the T12 to L4 nerve roots. Only the femoral nerve can be reliably tested by EMG. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve can be tested but it is unreliable. | The lumbar plexus is located within the psoas muscle. It contains the canterior rami of the T12 to L4 nerve roots. Only the femoral nerve can be reliably tested by EMG. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve can be tested but it is unreliable. | ||
{{Lumbar Plexus}} | {{#ask: | ||
[[Has nerve group::Lumbar Plexus]] | |||
|?Has nerve origin=Origin | |||
|?Has nerve sensory innervation=Sensory Innervation | |||
|?Has nerve motor innervation=Motor Innervation | |||
|mainlabel = Nerve | |||
}} | |||
{{Lumbar Plexus Images}} | {{Lumbar Plexus Images}} | ||
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The sacral plexus is derived from the anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-S4. | The sacral plexus is derived from the anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-S4. | ||
{{Sacral Plexus}} | {{#ask: | ||
[[Has nerve group::Sacral Plexus]] | |||
|?Has nerve origin=Origin | |||
|?Has nerve sensory innervation=Sensory Innervation | |||
|?Has nerve motor innervation=Motor Innervation | |||
|mainlabel = Nerve | |||
}} | |||
{{Sacral Plexus Images}} | {{Sacral Plexus Images}} | ||
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Lumbar Plexus.png|Lumbar Plexus | Lumbar Plexus.png|Lumbar Plexus | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
{{Nerves of the lumbosacral plexus|state=collapsed}} | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Lumbar Spine Anatomy]] | [[Category:Lumbar Spine Anatomy]] | ||
[[Category:Nerves of the Lower Limb and Lower Torso]] | [[Category:Nerves of the Lower Limb and Lower Torso]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Nerves]] | ||
[[Category:Nerves of the Spine]] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:34, 30 April 2022
This article is still missing information.
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| Lumbosacral Plexus | |
|---|---|
| Nerve Type | Plexus |
| Origin | Lumbar Plexus: T12-L4 Sacral Plexus: L4-S4 |
| Major Branches | Lumbar Plexus: Femoral Nerve, Genitofemoral Nerve, Iliohypogastric Nerve, Ilioinguinal Nerve, Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve, Lumbosacral Trunk, Obturator Nerve, Tibial Nerve and Common Peroneal Nerve (through sciatic trunk) Sacral Plexus: Inferior Gluteal Nerve, Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus, Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and Inferior Gemellus, Nerve to Piriformis, Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve, Pudendal Nerve, Sciatic Nerve, Superior Gluteal Nerve, Perforating Cutaneous Nerve |
The lumbosacral plexus can be divided into two anatomical parts: the upper lumbar plexus and the lower lumbosacral plexus.
Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is located within the psoas muscle. It contains the canterior rami of the T12 to L4 nerve roots. Only the femoral nerve can be reliably tested by EMG. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve can be tested but it is unreliable.
| Nerve | Origin | Sensory Innervation | Motor Innervation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Femoral Nerve | L2, L3, L4 anterior rami, posterior divisions | Skin of medial lower leg through saphenous nerve | Quadriceps Femoris, Sartorius, Pectineus, Iliacus, |
| Genitofemoral Nerve | L1, L2 | Skin of femoral triangle, lower scrotum/labia | Cremasteric muscle in men |
| Iliohypogastric Nerve | T12, L1 | Skin of lower abdomen | Transversus Abdominis, Internal Obliques |
| Ilioinguinal Nerve | L1 | Skin to inguinal region, small area of medial thigh, upper scrotum/labia. | Transversus Abdominis, Internal Oblique |
| Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve | Posterior divisions of L2 and L3 spinal nerves | Anterolateral thigh | |
| Lumbosacral Trunk | L4, L5 (mainly L5) | Skin of L5 | Ankle dorsiflexors, ankle everters, ankle inverters |
| Obturator Nerve | L2, L3, L4 anterior rami | Skin of medial thigh | Adductor Magnus (anterior half), Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis, Obturator Externus |
Lumbar Plexus
Subcostal nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Obturator nerve
Femoral nerve
Lumbosacral trunk
Sacral Plexus
The sacral plexus is derived from the anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-S4.
| Nerve | Origin | Sensory Innervation | Motor Innervation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inferior Gluteal Nerve | L5, S1, S2 | Gluteus Maximus | |
| Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus | L5, S1, S2 | Obturator Internus, Superior Gemellus | |
| Nerve to Piriformis | Posterior division of the ventral rami of S1 and S2 | Piriformis | |
| Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and Inferior Gemellus | L4, L5, S1 | Sensory branch to hip joint | Quadratus Femoris, Inferior Gemellus |
| Perforating Cutaneous Nerve | S2, S3 | Lower medial aspect of the buttock | |
| Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve | S1, S2, S3 | Posterior surface of the thigh, leg, and perineum (perineal branches and inferior cluneal nerves) | |
| Pudendal Nerve | S2, S3, S4 | Skin of penis, clitoris, most of the perineum | Muscles of the perineum |
| Sciatic Nerve | L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 | No direct sensory function, but has indirect sensory supply to the foot (tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve) and leg (except medial portion which is saphenous nerve) | Extensive motor innervation to thigh, leg, ankle, foot. |
| Superior Gluteal Nerve | L4, L5, S1 | Skin of buttock | Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fascia Lata |
Sacral Plexus
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Nerve to piriformis
Sciatic nerve
Nerve to quadratus and inferior glemellus
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Perforating cutaneous nerve
Pudendal nerve
Nerves to perineum and levator ani
Other Branches
| Nerve | Segment | Motor Supply | Action | Sensory Supply |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibial | L4-S3 | Hamstrings (except short head of biceps femoris, posterior part of adductor magnus), triceps surae, tibialis posterior, popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, intrinsic muscles of foot | Knee flexion(primary), foot plantar flexion, toe flexion | skin of posterior leg and sole of foot |
| Common fibular | L4-S2 | short head of biceps femoris, fibularis longus and brevis, tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis | knee flexion (short head of biceps femoris), foot dorsiflexion and eversion, toe extension | skin of anterior and lateral leg and dorsum of foot |
Videos
Additional Images
Lumbar Plexus
