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A ball and socket joint is an articulation between the rounded head of one bone (ball) and the concavity of another (socket). It is a type of synovial joint. This type of joint is multiaxial: it permits flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation. The only two ball and socket joints of the body are the hips and the shoulder (glenohumeral). The shallow socket of the glenoid cavity permits a more extensive range of motion in the shoulder; the deeper socket of the acetabulum and the supporting ligaments of the hip constrain the movement of the femur.[1]
List of Ball and Socket Joints
- This section is original unported content
| Synovial Joint | Bones | Ligaments | Muscles | Innervation | Vasculature | ROM | Volume |
|---|
| Glenohumeral Joint | Humerus
Scapula | Capsule, glenohumeral, coracohumeral and transverse humeral ligaments | abduction: deltoid assisted by the supraspinatus; adduction: short scapular muscles (except supraspinatus) when the deltoid relaxes. Assisted by the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi; flexion: clavicular head of the pectoralis major and the anterior fibres of the deltoid, assisted by the coracobrachialis and biceps; extension: latissimus dorsi, posterior fibres of the deltoid and the long head of the triceps; rotation: lateral rotation: infraspinatus and teres minor, medial rotation: subscapularis and teres major | suprascapular, subscapular, axillary and lateral pectoral nerves | anterior and posterior humeral circumflex, and subscapular arteries | arm flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and internal and external rotation | |
| Hip Joint | Ilium
Femur | Ischiofemoral, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, transverse acetabular, and ligamentum teres | 27 musculotendinous units are involved in hip function | Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerves, and nerve to quadratus femoris | Branches of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral, superior and inferior gluteal arteries and obturator arteries | Flexion 140Ā°, extension 20Ā°, Internal rotation 30Ā°, external rotation 40Ā°, abduction 50Ā°, adduction 30Ā° | 1-10mL |
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