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generally described as pain at the tendon insertion or myotendinous junction during loading of the wrist extensor muscles. Lateral elbow tendinopathy is also

sacrum and coccyx. Hypermobility in flexion has been defined as flexion of more than 25 degrees. Hypomobility has been defined as less than 5 degrees. Any

units within a muscle. The extraocular muscle require fine motor control and may have 10 muscle fibres per motor unit. The gastrocnemius muscle on the other

example the fibrous insertion of the deltoid muscle which doesn't change its angle greatly with abduction, to the fibrocartilaginous insertion of the supraspinatus

pop at the time of trauma has no relationship with ACL rupture. Giving way is thought to be due to internal derangement or muscle weakness. It isn't specific

of the adult acquired flatfoot. The superficial deltoid ligament has a wide insertion on the navicular to the posterior tibiotalar capsule. It is the primary

muscular attachments. The subclavius muscle also functions to provide joint stability. The subclavius muscle has a tendinous origin from the first rib

pain. Progressive calf muscle strengthening: Graded loading programme based around calf muscle strengthening for 12 weeks. Insertional Achilles tendinopathy

Quadriceps femoris has four muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis) Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Type Origin Combined

corrected with muscle energy techniques. Anterior Innominate Rotation The technique can be visualised via the image below where the origin and insertion of the

bacterial infection of the muscle, which can form abscesses and spread locally. It is relatively uncommon in temperate climates, often has an insidious onset,

additional musculotendinous structures. The adductor pollicis has a strong tendinous point of insertion into the PP and the volar plate/sesamoid complex. Some

superficial and deep parts of the psoas muscle, and between the two layers of fascia over the surface of the iliacus muscle. It then passes through an aponeuroticofascial

(NTOS), pectoralis minor insertion site (NPMS), and axilla. Pressure over the scalene triangle or pectoralis minor insertion site may reproduce symptoms

intrinsic muscle atrophy. The pain is felt in the medial heel and is often burning. It may worsen with prolonged standing and walking. It typically has a gradual

deranged posterolateral corner it has maximal control of external rotation at 90 degrees of knee flexion. This structure has both superficial and deep components

relatively weak and has only a scant impact on fracture deformity. The posterior compartment of the thigh contains the hamstrings muscles: the short and long

digastric muscle which is attached to the hyoid. The stylohyoid muscle originates from the temporal styloid process; it is a thin and long muscle that lies

asynchronous development of the tibial tuberosity and the rectus femoris muscle during the maturation stage. Before full maturity the apophysis is more

be fractured by direct impact, or by forces generated by the quadriceps muscle. A typical mechanism of injury for a direct fracture is a fall on a hyper-flexed

of extensor muscles near origin [no formal studies done] , capsule tears [no formal studies] , synovitis, meniscoid entrapment [ joint has a fibrous meniscoid-

However tendon pathology is not passive, it has a metabolic rate 25 times higher than a normal tendon, but it has no stimulus to create structure, and so this

tasks of daily living. The challenge to the surgeon is to re-attach the muscle to the bone in a way that glides smoothly within the pulley system of the

NSAIDs that appears to be more effective than others. Muscle relaxants: Neither non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxants nor benzodiazepines have evidence to support

atypical because it is wide and short, has two costal grooves, and one articular facet. The second rib is thin, long, and has a tuberosity on its superior surface

trochanter has four facets (anterior, lateral, posterior, and superoposteiror) with three tendon insertions. Gluteus medius is the most important muscle in gluteal

synovitis a short course of steroids may be appropriate. The muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine has also been studied, but this is not available in New Zealand

Finger Anatomy The phalanges form the fingers and thumb of the hand. The thumb has 2 phalanges (proximal and distal) and the other digits have 3 (proximal, middle

segment is the inter-muscle aponeurosis. It is formed from an aponeurosis which extends distally between the thenar and hypothenar muscles Base: carpal sulcus

the pisiform, all of the wrist muscle tendons traverse the carpal bones to insert on the metacarpals. There are two muscle systems of the hand: extrinsic

though, they can be deforming. Important insertions include: The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor insertion on the greater tuberosity. These assist

region of the bone, spanning from a point distal to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle and proximal to the supracondylar ridge. The proximal portion

contractile unit of the muscle. Myofibres form muscle fascicles, which are in turn surrounded by perimysium. Muscle fascicles form the whole muscle belly. Cellularly

Below sternoclavicular joint Scalene insertion Motion testing active breathing Motion testing passive springing Muscles Short extensors of the neck Scalenes

Reduce compression (excessive hip flexion) and energy storage loads until pain has settled. Aim for a pain score of 0-3 with mild activity that settles within

plate at the insertion of the Achilles tendon. It develops earlier in girls (6) than boys (8). It is present for around 3-4 years in total. It has increased

formed by the junction between the distal tibia and fibula and the talus. It has evolved for stability rather than mobility. Causes are post-traumatic (78%)

an abnormal sensory experience, either unpleasant or evoked). Some view it has a type of hyperaesthesia, or even equate the two terms. There is both an elevation

infection rates in the surgically treated patients. It has been shown that surgical fixation has optimal results in young, female patients who are not receiving

and/or an incarcerated fragment. Treatment of medial epicondyle fractures has traditionally been non-operative in a long arm cast. Absolute indications