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This page or section deals with a topic that is not widely recognised or accepted. Please use your clinical judgement and note that this is not necessarily

around 1mm in right to left dimensions. Classic Oblique Approach Preparation Pre-procedure evaluation with provocation testing Patient positioned prone with

To make decisions about patient care the doctor must also comprehend the pre-test probability of the disease in question. The utilization of diagnostic

This article is a stub. Literature Review Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI

patella, stress fractures of the tibio-femoral condyles, chondral dessication, pre-patellar bursitis, hamstring tendon injury, and patella tendon injury. The

This article is still missing information. The flexor retinaculum attaches to four areas. Namely the pisoform, the scaphoid, the hook of the hamate, and

This article is a stub. Infection, uncontrolled coagulopathy, joint prosthesis, poor response to previous injections. Allergy to eggs or feathers is a

This article is still missing information. The peroneal tendons are located in the lateral compartment of the leg behind the lateral malleolus. Peroneus

opportunity to discuss the risks and benefits and consent obtained. A focussed pre-procedure ultrasound is usually performed to assess bursae, and the gluteus

This article is still missing information. Main article: Ankle Joint Anatomy The ankle joint, or tibiotalar joint, is a hinged synovial joint. It is created

This article is a stub. Patients usually respond well to one steroid injection. See Pourcho et al for a free access review.. The topics of sternoclavicular

landmarks or with ultrasound guidance Use strict aseptic technique Wash hands Pre-packaged sterilised disposable needles and syringes Single dose ampoules of

opportunity to discuss the risks and benefits and consent obtained. A focussed pre-procedure ultrasound is usually performed. Risks include: infection, bleeding

This article is still missing information. TMC joint injection may be indicated with failure of first line treatments to treat chronic pain e.g. fromosteoarthritis

antibody positive), and exercise. There are over 30 subtypes of CMS with pre-synaptic, synaptic, and post-synaptic forms. Current therapies for Congenital

Written by: Dr Jeremy Steinberg – created: 19 June 2020; last modified: 17 April 2022 This page is probably complete! It is awaiting peer review The appropriate

is an associated risk of tendon rupture, which should be included in the pre-procedure consent. Shoulder Shoulder Anatomy Shoulder Conditions Shoulder

This article is still missing information. Glenohumeral joint injections (often referred to as shoulder injections ) are performed as part of a number

Written by: Dr Jeremy Steinberg – created: 13 April 2022; last modified: 15 April 2022 This article is still missing information. Controlled lumbar medial

This article is still missing information. Subacromial bursal corticosteroid injections, also known as subacromial-subdeltoid bursal injections, are used

This page or section deals with a topic that is not widely recognised or accepted. Please use your clinical judgement and note that this is not necessarily

This article is still missing information. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) of the thigh has a variable anatomical course. The clinical presentation

positive LR of 3.0. In a 50 year old the pre-test probability rises from ~20% to ~40%, and in a person over 65 the pre-test probability rises from ~30% to ~55%

This article is still missing information. This page or section deals with a controversial topic. Please use your clinical judgement. Platelet rich plasma

Written by: Dr Jeremy Steinberg – created: 17 June 2020; last modified: 22 January 2023 This article is still missing information. Available approaches

action potential. The terminal aspect of the primary neuron is called the pre-synaptic membrane. The receiving membrane is called the post-synaptic membrane

described an axial line, with the areas next to the line being denoted as pre-axial and post-axial. They noted that the dermatomes in the preaxial area

(significance level). In our example, the p-value is 0.02, which is less than the pre-specified alpha of 0.05, so the researcher concludes there is statistical

factors including patient age, handedness, functional demands and evidence of pre-existing glenohumeral arthritis or rotator cuff pathology. See also: Shoulder

Toothpick applied 2 stimuli per second (2Hz) for 30 seconds. Assess change in pre- and post- pain scores, and aftersensation. C Warmth Warm allodynia Infrequent

Written by: Dr Jeremy Steinberg – created: 3 January 2022; last modified: 22 March 2023 This article is still missing information. There are a variety

replicated = isotonic as effective (n=21 replication study) . May be useful pre-activity intervention or early on. Silbernagel et al note: “The argument for

at the extraforaminal site. Osteophytosis can also add to the entrapment. Pre-existing transitional anatomy is another factor. A similar condition can occur

detect a hip fracture, once a hip fracture is diagnosed, pre-operative blood tests and all other pre-operative tests (e.g. EKG and CXR) should be performed

incorrect treatment. Therefore it is as important as ever to consider the pre-test probability, and consider other diagnoses. In cases where the diagnosis

attempting to stand still. This sign indicates ankle plantar flexion weakness with pre-existing ankle dorsi flexion weakness. Knee bobbing is a marker of progression

Disabling neck or suboccipital pain; of cervical medullary syndrome, or (pre-)syncopal episodes; other symptoms - dizziness, nausea, facial pain, dysphagia

with pre-existing SCS, burst stimulation superior to tonic. 3 week follow up Tjepkema-Cloostermans 2016: placebo controlled RCT, n=40, FBSS with pre-existing

which is associated with exhalation of the patient and relaxation of the pre-activated muscle. With relaxation the muscle is stretched by de-contraction

anterior divisions of the first to third sacral nerves. The plexus can be pre-fixed (L3 contribution) or postfixed (L5 contribution). The furcal nerve is

change pain, it may still have many other benefits. In pain free controls, pre exercise education can powerfully modify the EIH response, in both directions

responders, the trials aims to identify drug responders in the run-in phase or by pre-selecting patients who were previously exposed to a similar drug. This method

smooth knee flexion under action of the hamstrings. This motion occurs in the pre-swing and late-swing phase of gate, but a paradoxical external tibial rotation

knee – 7% cumulative incidence 5770 reconstructed knees – 60% returned to pre-injury level, and 44% returned to competitive sport. Professional players

tenderness with no incriminating features of any other cause of pain Infection pre-test probability not tested –but likely to be low cardinal indicator is fever

patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis presenting later in age have a pre-existing developmentally narrrow canal. Development of the spinal canal begins

Fracture should be considered in those over the age of 60. Infection: The pre-test probability is less than 0.01% but it may persist for a long time Malignancy: