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note that this is not necessarily standard practice in NZ. This article is a stub. Injection can be done by landmark guided palpation based on the maximal

This article is a stub. The cervical disc is not a small lumbar disc, but is structurally unique. * transverse fissure is not horizontal but concave upwards

This article is a stub. This page or section deals with a controversial topic. Please use your clinical judgement. There is a lot of controversy about

This article is a stub. Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome - Members Subpage Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome - Wu 2023.pdf - 9.88 MB (f)

This article is a stub. Open access review Vieweg H, Radmer S, Fresow R, Tabibzada AM, Kamusella P, Scheer F, Andresen R. Diagnosis and Treatment of Symptomatic

This article is a stub. These images demonstrate the relationship of the spinal nerve roots to the vertebral segments.

This article is a stub. EAU Guidelines for chronic pelvic pain

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This article is a stub. Bupivacaine is an amide-type local anaesthetic. It has a slow onset but long duration of action. It is commonly used in concentrations

This article is still missing information. There has been a lot of progress over the years in diagnostic testing, defining new diseases, and emerging therapies

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This article is a stub. The trajectory from first generation sequencing (Sanger), to Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to whole exome to whole genome. Genetic

This article is a stub. Holmich Protocol for long-standing adductor related groin pain in athletes

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This article is a stub. Non-compressive Myelopathy DDX Inflammatory and vasculitis Primary progressive multiple sclerosis Neuromyelitis optica Eale's disease

This article is a stub. See open access article. Yang, Guang; McGlinn, Evan P.; Chung, Kevin C. (2014-07). "Management of the stiff finger: evidence and

This article is a stub. Sensory Modulation Disorder - Bar-Shalita 2019.pdf - 1.12 MB (f) Unusual pain disorders - Sachau 2021.pdf - 1.7 MB (f) see section

This article is a stub. Congenital Vertebrae - Chaturvedi 2017.pdf - 7.89 MB (f) Vertebral Body Disorders - Kumar 1988.pdf - 3.78 MB (f) Classic paper

This article is a stub. NB: Bogduk called this Elbow Fibromuscular Impairment which is not a term in current use. A more appropriate term in use today

This article is a stub. Ultrasound is not indicated for: suspected meniscal, cruciate ligament or collateral ligament injuries. Ultrasound is indicated

This article is a stub. See open access review by Leider et al. Leider, Joseph D.; Derise, Olivia C.; Bourdreaux, Kyle A.; Dierks, Gregor J.; Lee, Christopher;

This article is a stub. Literature Review Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI

This article is a stub. See Willard et al for a free open access article on the thoracolumbar fascia. Lumbar Fat Herniation Willard et al.. The thoracolumbar

This article is a stub. Ask the patient to point where they get most of their pain, either where it is most painful or where they feel it most often. Midinguinal

This article is a stub. Literature Review Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI

This article is a stub. Literature Review Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI

This article is a stub. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Laslett et al.. Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites

This article is a stub. Lumbar Discogenic Pain - State of the Art Review - Bogduk 2013 - 835 KB (f) Literature Review Reviews from the last 7 years: review

This article is a stub. See Lam et al for an open access review on ultrasound guided nerve hydrodissection, a technique primarily used to treat certain

This article is a stub. Pure motor palsy. There is difficulty making an "OK" sign with thumb and forefinger opposition. It is distinguished from pronator

This article is a stub. Patient prone with pillow under pelvis Obtain transverse view of target injection site Identify lateral to the spinous process

This article is a stub. The pain is often inflammatory in nature and can mimic spondyloarthritis in that there is commonly night pain and prolonged morning

This article is a stub. Limited hip flexion on the affected side Lack of full hip extension Decreased lift in the swing phase Antalgic gait Swelling Ecchymosis

This article is a stub. See open access article by Smith et al for ultrasound-guided aspiration, fenestration, and injection for the treatment of baker's

This article is a stub. Martin R, Martin HD, Kivlan BR. NERVE ENTRAPMENT IN THE HIP REGION: CURRENT CONCEPTS REVIEW. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12(7):1163-1173

This article is a stub. Loss of extension at the hip, lurching gait Buttock wasting.

This article is a stub. Loss of hip flexion and knee extension. Loss of sensation over the anterior thigh and medial leg

This article is a stub. Assess for localised tenderness over the medial epicondyle with the elbow flexed at 90°, and for pain on resisted pronation of

This article is a stub. Coracoclavicular joint pain is a rare cause of shoulder pain. The joint itself is anomalous and only found is approximately 10%

This article is a stub. Literature Review Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI

This article is a stub. Loss of abduction at the hip. Trendelenburg gait.

This article is a stub. Trescot, Andrea. Peripheral nerve entrapments : clinical diagnosis and management. Switzerland: Springer, 2016.

This article is a stub. Trescot, Andrea. Peripheral nerve entrapments : clinical diagnosis and management. Switzerland: Springer, 2016.

This article is a stub. External Snapping Hip Either the iliotibial band, anterior fibres of gluteus maximus, the tensor fascia lata, or a combination

This article is a stub. The suprascapular nerve supplies sensation to most of the shoulder joint, especially the superior and posterior regions. Various

This article is a stub. Piriformis Syndrome

This article is a stub. Loss of adduction of the thigh. Loss of sensation of inner thigh. Trescot, Andrea. Peripheral nerve entrapments : clinical diagnosis

This article is a stub. Buffer the lidocaine with sodium bicarbonate. Warm the local anaesthetic Use fresh needles with repeated injections Use a small

This article is a stub. All but five intrinsic hand muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve. The remaining are innervated by the C8-T1 roots via the

This article is a stub. Radial neuropathy at the spiral groove is also known as saturday night palsy. Sensory impairment of dorsal aspect of the lateral

This article is a stub. Wartenberg Syndrome, also known as watch strap or handcuff neuropathy, is a condition where the superficial radial nerve is entrapped

This article is a stub. Trescot, Andrea. Peripheral nerve entrapments : clinical diagnosis and management. Switzerland: Springer, 2016.

This article is a stub. Trescot, Andrea. Peripheral nerve entrapments : clinical diagnosis and management. Switzerland: Springer, 2016.

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This article is a stub. Thoracic facet joint pain is felt in the parasagittal region and doesn't cross the midline. Thoracic Zygapophyseal Joint Pain Patterns

This article is a stub. Tendinopathy and pain at the triceps tendon. Triceps tendinopathy is uncommon. It is sometimes seen in weight lifters or labourers

This article is a stub. Elbow osteoarthritis is extremely rare due to it being a non-weight bearing joint. Risk factors include intraarticular fractures

This article is a stub. Quadriceps tendinopathy has similar symptom provocation patterns to patellar tendinopathy. When the pain radiates it can mimic

This article is a stub. Prepatellar bursitis is inflammation and fluid collection within the prepatellar bursa, located between the patella and the overlying

This article is a stub. Bone marrow oedema syndrome is also referred to as "transient osteoporosis of the hip." The more appropriate term would be bone

This article is a stub. The proximal radioulnar joint is a pivot type synovial joint between the circumference of the head of the radius and the ring formed

This article is a stub. Loss of pelvic swing on walking.

This article is a stub. Apophysitis is a traction injury to the site of tendon attachment on cartilage. Osteochondrosis is a degenerative condition that

This article is a stub. Relaxed, closed-mouth approach. Place finger in the depression under the zygomatic arch, against the zygoma, and draw a curved

This article is a stub. All but five intrinsic hand muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve. The remaining are innervated by the C8-T1 roots via the

This article is a stub. The distal biceps tendon insertions on the radial tubercle just distal to the raidal head. It supinates the forearm and is a secondary

This article is a stub. Proximal patellar tendinopathy is much more common than distal. In some cases there may be a rheumatological cause with insertional

This article is a stub. Glyceryl Trinitrate is a treatment for Tendinopathy. It is applied to the degenerative area and may enhance collagen synthesis

This article is a stub. The common peroneal nerve, also known as the common fibular nerve, forms the lateral part of the sciatic nerve. A high lesion results

This article is a stub. The sensory loss is the same as in Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow The motor loss may include all [[Ulnar Nerve|ulnar] nerve] innervated

This article is a stub. Posterior Disc: sinuvertebral nerve from ventral ramus Anterolateral disc: Grey ramus communicans of the lumbar sympathetic trunk

This article is a stub. Loss of pelvic swing on walking.

This article is a stub. Observation Carriage of head and shoulders Muscle bulk symmetry Scolosis/Kyphosis Flat spots Axillary creases From side From front

This article is a stub. This is a congenital foot deformity where there are two or more tarsal bones that have fused together or have failed to separate

This article is a stub. A consensus approach to the MSK examination in children was developed by Foster et al in 2011. The open access consensus document

This article is a stub. A genicular nerve injection can be used to treat knee osteoarthritis pain with or without steroid. The addition of steroid provides

This article is a stub. This article focuses on chronic pain following traumatic brain injury. See open access article by Irvine et al. Global incidence

This article is a stub. The C1 spinal nerve is unique. It does not have a typical dorsal root ganglion. The ganglion cells are located in the rootlets

This article is a stub. This rare condition refers to unilateral or bilateral upper limb muscle weakness and wasting without significant sensory deficits

This article is a stub. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is where a portion of subchondral bone and articular cartilage undergoes separation from the underlying

This article is a stub. The acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is formed by the junction between the acromion process of the scapula and the distal clavicle

This article is a stub. The distal radioulnar joint is a pivot type synovial joint existing between the ulnar notch of the distal radius and the head of

This article is a stub. Acute or chronic Trauma (direct / indirect), repetitive overload, or spontaneous onset. Are there red flags? Was the onset insidious

This article is a stub. Peripheral vascular disease can mimic musculoskeletal causes of pain. Most patients do not have intermittent claudication but have

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This article is a stub. It forms the medial portion of the sciatic nerve. It leaves the sciatic nerve in the lower thigh and runs to the central popliteal

This article is a stub. The functional spinal unit (FSU) is the smallest motion segment of the spine. It includes two vertebrae with an interleaving intervertebral

This article is a stub. From Manchikanti Main article: Lumbar Radicular Pain In 1993 Nitta et al looked at dermatome patterns by doing fluoroscopically

This article is a stub. Bone consists of two forms: woven and lamella Woven and lamellar bone are organised structurally into trabecular (spongy or cancellous)

note that this is not necessarily standard practice in NZ. This article is a stub. This can be used for all types of headache, from tension type/migraine headaches

This article is a stub. The gluteus maximus muscle is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. During the normal gait, the hamstrings

This article is a stub. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used since the 1950s to treat rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic

This article is a stub. The cardinal manifestation of Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is progressive extraocular weakness. In relation

This article is a stub. The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are condyloid joints situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the

This article is a stub. Xrays are done predominantly for fractures and other red flag conditions, and are not helpful for conditions such as tendinopathies

This article is a stub. Coronal balance is one of the features that needs to be assessed on long spine radiographs obtained for spinal deformity, particularly

This article is a stub. From the front prominent sternoclavicular joint prominent acromiclavicular joint From the side swelling of the joint From behind