User:WikiMSK/List of Synovial Joints
From WikiMSK
| Acromioclavicular Joint | Joint type: Planar Joint | Bones: Clavicle, Scapula | Ligaments: Coracoclavicular, coracoacromial, superior acromioclavicular, and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments. | Muscles: No muscles directly act on this joint. | Innervation: Axillary, suprascapular, and lateral pectoral nerves | Vasculature: Suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries | ROM: Upward rotation: 30 degrees, external rotation:8 degrees | Volume: 2mL |
| Atlanto-axial Joint | Joint type: Pivot Joint | Bones: C1 (Atlas), C2 (Axis) | Innervation: C2 | ROM: Rotation ~45° each way, flexion-extension ~10° each way, and lateral flexion ~5° each way | ||||
| Atlanto-occipital Joint | Joint type: Condyloid Joint | Bones: C1 (Atlas), Occiput | Ligaments: Two articular capsules, posterior atlanto-occipital membrane, anterior atlanto-occipital membrane | Muscles: Flexion by longi capitis and recti capitis anteriores; extension by recti capitis posteriores major and minor, the obliquus capitis superior, the semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid, and upper fibres of the trapezius. | Innervation: C1 | Vasculature: Anastomosis between the deep cervical, occipital and vertebral arteries. | ROM: 3.5 flexion, 21 extension, 10.9 lateral flexion each way, 6.7 rotation each way | |
| Cervical Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joint | Joint type: Planar Joint | |||||||
| Distal Radioulnar Joint | Joint type: Pivot Joint | Bones: Radius, Ulna | Ligaments: Triangular, anterior distal radioulnar, and posterior distal radioulnar ligaments | Muscles: Pronation: pronator quadratus, pronator teres; Supination: supinator, biceps brachii | Innervation: Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves | Vasculature: Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries | ||
| Elbow Joint | Joint type: Hinge Joint | Bones: Radius, Ulna, Humerus | Ligaments: Capsule, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, oblique cord, quadrate ligament | Innervation: Radial, ulnar, median, and musculocutaneous nerves | Vasculature: Anastomotic arcades formed by branches of radial, ulnar, and brachial arteries. | |||
| First Carpometacarpal Joint (Trapeziometacarpal Joint) | Joint type: Saddle Joint | Bones: Metacarpal, Trapezium | Ligaments: Capsule, anterior oblique, ulnar collateral, first intermetacarpal, posterior oblique, dorsoradial ligaments. | Innervation: Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, superficial radial nerve | Vasculature: First dorsal metacarpal branch of the radial artery | ROM: 53° of flexion/extension, 42° of abduction/adduction, and 17° of rotation | ||
| Glenohumeral Joint | Joint type: Ball and Socket Joint | Bones: Humerus, Scapula | Ligaments: Capsule, glenohumeral, coracohumeral and transverse humeral ligaments | Muscles: abduction: deltoid assisted by the supraspinatus; adduction: short scapular muscles (except supraspinatus) when the deltoid relaxes. Assisted by the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi; flexion: clavicular head of the pectoralis major and the anterior fibres of the deltoid, assisted by the coracobrachialis and biceps; extension: latissimus dorsi, posterior fibres of the deltoid and the long head of the triceps; rotation: lateral rotation: infraspinatus and teres minor, medial rotation: subscapularis and teres major | Innervation: suprascapular, subscapular, axillary and lateral pectoral nerves | Vasculature: anterior and posterior humeral circumflex, and subscapular arteries | ROM: arm flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and internal and external rotation | |
| Hip Joint | Joint type: Ball and Socket Joint | Bones: Ilium, Femur | Ligaments: Ischiofemoral, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, transverse acetabular, and ligamentum teres | Muscles: 27 musculotendinous units are involved in hip function | Innervation: Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerves, and nerve to quadratus femoris | Vasculature: Branches of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral, superior and inferior gluteal arteries and obturator arteries | ROM: Flexion 140°, extension 20°, Internal rotation 30°, external rotation 40°, abduction 50°, adduction 30° | Volume: 1-10mL |
| Interphalangeal Joints (Foot) | Joint type: Hinge Joint | Bones: Proximal Phalanx (Foot), Distal Phalanx (Foot) | ||||||
| Knee Joint | Joint type: Saddle Joint, Hinge Joint | Bones: Tibia, Femur, Patella | Innervation: Popliteal nerve, tibial nerve | Vasculature: Genicular branches of the popliteal artery | ROM: Mainly sagittal plane: 3° of hyperextension to 155° of flexion | |||
| Lumbar Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joint | Joint type: Planar Joint | Bones: Vertebra | Ligaments: Capsular Ligament | Innervation: Medial Branches of the Dorsal Rami | Vasculature: Branches of Lumbar Arteries | ROM: Limited Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, and Rotation | ||
| Metacarpophalangeal Joint | Joint type: Condyloid Joint | Bones: Metacarpal, Proximal Phalanx (Hand) | Ligaments: Capsule, two collateral ligaments, palmar (volar) ligament | Innervation: Digital nerves from the ulnar and median nerves | Vasculature: Deep digital arteries from the superficial palmar arch | |||
| Metatarsophalangeal Joints | Joint type: Condyloid Joint | Bones: Metacarpal, Proximal Phalanx (Foot) | Ligaments: Capsule, collateral ligamentous complexes, plantar plate. For great toe also sesamoid-phalangeal ligaments. | Muscles: flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, dorsal and plantar Interossei, lumbricals | Innervation: Digital nerves from the ulnar and median nerves | Vasculature: Deep digital arteries from the superficial palmar arch | ||
| Proximal Radioulnar Joint | Joint type: Pivot Joint | Bones: Radius, Ulna | Ligaments: Annular ligament | Innervation: Articular branches of the musculocutaneous, median, and radial nerve | Vasculature: Radial portion of the peri-articular arterial anastomosis of the elbow joint | |||
| Radiocarpal Joint | Joint type: Condyloid Joint | Bones: Radius, Ulna, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum | Ligaments: Volar: radial collateral ligament to styloid process, radioscaphocapitate, ligament radiolunate ligament, radioscapholunate ligament; Dorsal: radioscaphoid ligament, radiolunate ligament, radiotriquetral ligament | Muscles: flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, flexor carpi radialis | Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve arising from median nerve (C5-T1), posterior interosseous nerve arising from radial nerve (C7-C8) | Vasculature: Palmar carpal arch (from palmar carpal branches of radial and ulnar arteries, reinforced by anterior interosseous artery and penetrating deep branches of deep palmar arch), dorsal carpal arch (formed by dorsal carpal branches of radial and ulnar arteries, reinforced by anterior and posterior interosseous arteries) | ||
| Sacroiliac Joint | Bones: Ilium, Sacrum | Ligaments: Anterior sacroiliac, interosseous sacroiliac, posterior sacroiliac, long posterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, and iliolumbar ligaments. | Innervation: Posterior joint lateral branches of the posterior rami of L5-S4. Anterior joint L4-S3 (+/- L3, sacral plexus, superior gluteal nerve) | Vasculature: Median sacral artery and the lateral sacral branches of the internal iliac artery | ROM: 0-2° | Volume: 1 - 1.5 mLs | ||
| Sternoclavicular Joint | Joint type: Saddle Joint | Bones: Clavicle, Rib 1, Manubrium | Ligaments: Sternoclavicular, costoclavicular, interclavicular ligs. | Innervation: Medial supraclavicular (C3-4) and subclavian (C5-6) nn. | Vasculature: Internal thoracic and suprascapular aa. (branches of the subclavian a.) | ROM: 35° in the horizontal and coronal planes, 70° range of motion anteroposteriorly, 50° of rotation along its long axis. | ||
| Talocalcaneal Joint (Subtalar Joint) | Joint type: Planar Joint | Bones: Talus, Calcaneus | Ligaments: Multiple, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament is most important | Innervation: Medial plantar, lateral plantar, and deep fibular nerves | Vasculature: Posterior tibial and fibular arteries | ROM: Equal components of inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction. | ||
| Tibiotalar Joint (Talocrural Joint) | Joint type: Hinge Joint | Bones: Tibia, Fibula, Talus | Ligaments: Syndesmosis, medial collateral ligaments, lateral collateral ligaments | Innervation: tibial nerve, deep peroneal nerve | Vasculature: anterior and posterior tibial arteries, peroneal artery | ROM: 10° to 20° of dorsiflexion, 40° to 55° of plantarflexion | Volume: 16-30 mL |
