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This article is a stub. The C1 spinal nerve is unique. It does not have a typical dorsal root ganglion. The ganglion cells are located in the rootlets

This article is a stub. This rare condition refers to unilateral or bilateral upper limb muscle weakness and wasting without significant sensory deficits

This article is a stub. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is where a portion of subchondral bone and articular cartilage undergoes separation from the underlying

This article is a stub. The acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is formed by the junction between the acromion process of the scapula and the distal clavicle

This article is a stub. The distal radioulnar joint is a pivot type synovial joint existing between the ulnar notch of the distal radius and the head of

This article is a stub. Acute or chronic Trauma (direct / indirect), repetitive overload, or spontaneous onset. Are there red flags? Was the onset insidious

This article is a stub. Peripheral vascular disease can mimic musculoskeletal causes of pain. Most patients do not have intermittent claudication but have

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This article is a stub. It forms the medial portion of the sciatic nerve. It leaves the sciatic nerve in the lower thigh and runs to the central popliteal

This article is a stub. The functional spinal unit (FSU) is the smallest motion segment of the spine. It includes two vertebrae with an interleaving intervertebral

This article is a stub. From Manchikanti Main article: Lumbar Radicular Pain In 1993 Nitta et al looked at dermatome patterns by doing fluoroscopically

This article is a stub. Bone consists of two forms: woven and lamella Woven and lamellar bone are organised structurally into trabecular (spongy or cancellous)

note that this is not necessarily standard practice in NZ. This article is a stub. This can be used for all types of headache, from tension type/migraine headaches

This article is a stub. The gluteus maximus muscle is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. During the normal gait, the hamstrings

This article is a stub. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used since the 1950s to treat rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic

This article is a stub. The cardinal manifestation of Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is progressive extraocular weakness. In relation

This article is a stub. The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are condyloid joints situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the

This article is a stub. Xrays are done predominantly for fractures and other red flag conditions, and are not helpful for conditions such as tendinopathies

This article is a stub. Coronal balance is one of the features that needs to be assessed on long spine radiographs obtained for spinal deformity, particularly

This article is a stub. From the front prominent sternoclavicular joint prominent acromiclavicular joint From the side swelling of the joint From behind

This article is a stub. This page or section deals with a topic that is not widely recognised or accepted. Please use your clinical judgement and note

This article is a stub. Sacroiliac Joint Pain can have a variable distribution. Buttock, PSIS pain is present in 94%, lower lumbar pain in 72%, groin pain

This article is a stub. Sagittal balance forms part of the plain radiographic assessment of spinal deformity including kyphotic or lordotic deformities

This article is a stub. This page or section deals with a controversial topic. Please use your clinical judgement. See Hauser et al for a free open access

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Steinberg – created: 10 May 2022; last modified: 14 March 2023 This article is a stub. Osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) is a benign cause of chronic low back pain

This article is a stub. The great toe (hallux) has a single interphalangeal joint. The lateral four times have both a proximal and distal interphalangeal

This article is a stub. Immature articular cartilage is considerably different to adult cartilage, unlike many other tissues. Colour: Immature articular

This article is a stub. Infection, uncontrolled coagulopathy, joint prosthesis, poor response to previous injections. Allergy to eggs or feathers is a

This article is a stub. See kunam et al for an open access review. There are six patterns of deficit in the spinal cord: Ventral cord syndrome Central

This article is a stub. This page or section deals with a topic that is not widely recognised or accepted. Please use your clinical judgement and note

This article is a stub. Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases, including musculoskeletal diseases. The components of an exercise

This article is a stub. The ulnar, radial, and median nerves all traverse the elbow, and disease processes of the elbow can affect any of these nerves

This article is a stub. Main article: Third Occipital Nerve The third occipital nerve (TON) arises from the medial branches of the posterior ramus of the

This article is a stub. The cluneal nerves are a group of pure sensory nerves (superior, medial or middle, and inferior) that provide sensory supply to

This article is a stub. The ischiofemoral space is bounded by the ischial tuberosity medially, the lesser trochanter of the femur laterally, the femoral

This article is a stub. Tensegrity is a 3D structure based on envelopes and struts, derived from the words tension and integrity. The skeleton, fibrous

This article is a stub. Bone lesions are often termed blastic or lytic. Blastic bone lesions are characterised by bone formation in excess of bone resorption

This article is a stub. The two most important aspects to consider when comparing ultrasound vs landmark guided injections are accuracy and efficacy. For

This article is a stub. Conus medullaris syndrome is caused by injury to the conus medullaris and lumbar nerve roots. It is a subset of the Incomplete

This article is a stub. Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD) also known simply as Osgood-Schlatter is an apophysitis of the tibial tuberosity at the site of

This article is a stub. This page or section deals with a topic that is not widely recognised or accepted. Please use your clinical judgement and note

This article is a stub. Patients usually respond well to one steroid injection. See Pourcho et al for a free access review.. The topics of sternoclavicular

This article is a stub. The subtalar joint is difficult to evaluate radiographically. Usually a weight-bearing AP or mortise view along with a lateral

This article is a stub. This article focuses on proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Extrinsic factors: training errors such as increasing volume or intensity

This article is a stub. The biomechanical problems in those with rotator cuff tendinopathy and those with subacromial pain syndrome are fundamentally the

This article is a stub. This article focuses on the typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) The typical cervical vertebrae are C3 to C7. The transition zone

This article is a stub. The atlas (C1) isn't really a true cervical vertebra both anatomically or functionally. It is more akin to an occipital vertebra

This article is a stub. The majority of patients sustaining whiplash injuries to the cervical spine either don't have symptoms or recover. A minority of

This article is a stub. Deep somatic pain sits in contrast to the less common cutaneous and neuropathic pain. It is otherwise known as musculoskeletal

This article is a stub. Posture Carriage of head Symmetry of shoulders Active movements - rotation, flexion, rotation in flexion, extension, rotation in

This article is a stub. Brachydactyly is a congenital anomaly that can present as an isolated malformation or as part of a complex malformation syndrome

This article is a stub. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability characterized by social and communication impairments, restricted

This article is a stub. Somatic Symptom Disorder is characterised by persistent and clinically significant somatic complaints that have a disproportionate

This article is a stub. Lidocaine was the first clinically used amide local anesthetic in 1948. It is widely used because of its potency; rapid onset;

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This article is a stub. Muscle cramps are painful, sudden, involuntary muscle contractions that are typically self-limiting. They are typically part of

This article is a stub. The atlas (C1) sits on the axis (C2) and the wear is borne through the lateral antlanto-axial joints. Apart from its weight-bearing

This article is a stub. Older selective SSRIs that have greater noradrenergic activity at higher doses (e.g. fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline) are more

This article is a stub. Media:wray2020 the art of the deal.pdf

This article is a stub. Knee MRI - Members Subpage

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This article is a stub. Osteoid osteoma great mimicker - Carneiro 2021.pdf - 3.32 MB (f)

This article is a stub. Ropivacaine is an amide local anesthetic. It has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that are comparable to Bupivacaine

This article is a stub. Anatomy and Clinical Importance of the Epidural Space - Fyneface-Ogan 2012

This article is a stub. Core muscle injury - Kraeutler 2021.pdf - 2.22 MB (f)

This article is a stub. Breast implant illness scientific evidence of its existence - Tervaert 2022.pdf - 3.42 MB (f)

This article is a stub. Primary cartilaginous joints are known as "synchondrosis" Secondary cartilaginous joints are known as "symphysis"

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This article is a stub. First bite syndrome case - 839 KB (f)

This article is a stub. See Cervical Pain Maps Cervical Discogenic Pain - Peng and Bogduk 2018 - 344 KB (f)

This article is a stub. For chronic pain, first line evidence based medications include tricyclics, gabapentinoids and SNRIs. Treatment involves empirical

This article is a stub. Electromyography (EMG) is the study of motor unit and muscle fibre electrical activity. They can be studied individually or collectively

This article is a stub. First rib dysfunction - Mastromarchi 2021.pdf - 299 KB (f)

This article is a stub. Lumbar Epidural Blood Patch - White 2019.pdf - 2.92 MB (f)

This article is a stub. OCD Knee - Zanon 2014.pdf - 431 KB (f)

This article is a stub. best is lateral /medial elbow pain nerve compression syndromes only if focal neurological abnormalities and nerve conduction abnormalities

This article is a stub. Somatic referred pain is pain perceived in a region innervated by nerves coming from somatic structures other than those that innervate

This article is a stub. Radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN), also known as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) involves using an alternating current of high frequency

This article is a stub. Systematic reviews are research summaries that address a focused clinical question in a structured, reproducible manner, often

This article is a stub. Mitochondrial disease consensus statement - Parikh 2015.pdf - 246 KB (f) Mitochondrial neurology clinical maze - dimauro 2013.pdf

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This article is a stub. See blog post Lateral ‘hip’ pain? Don’t always blame the glutes

This article is a stub. ASIPP 2020 (American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians) Guidelines for Facet Joint Interventions IPM 2013 Guidelines for

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This article is a stub. This condition is due to swelling of the tibialis anterior muscle which can cause relative muscle ischaemia. Symptoms are reproduced

This article is a stub. Diaphragm two muscles - Pickering 2002 - 197 KB (f)

This article is a stub. Lumbar Spine Shape and Metabolic Activity - Toor 2020 - 1.77 MB (f)

This article is a stub. The primary role of imaging is the identification of undiagnosed systemic disease. Spine imaging has a significant specificity

This article is a stub. SIRVA - Wood 2022.pdf - 1.05 MB (f)

This article is a stub. Probably the most widely recommended technical ultrasound guidelines are those produced by the ESSR (European Society of Musculoskeletal

This article is a stub. Strongest plantarflexor - Achilles tendon. Inserts onto the posterior-medial calcaneus. Fires during midstance to slow the forward

This article is a stub. Observation from front Weight distrubtion Deformity (varus/valgus) Swellings (loss of concavities) Scars Redness/rashes Wasting

This article is a stub. Dysautonomia, or autonomic dysfunction, is a complex medical condition that affects the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls

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