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(the SCN6/7A gene is part of the Nax sub-family and has uncertain function) Sodium channels produce action potentials, so this raises the question as to why

membrane to form action potentials. As described, a generator potential is able to initiate an action potential. That action potential itself has a field effect

runners. Other intrinsic factors include Iliopsoas muscle contracture Gastrocnemius and soleus muscle tightness Leg length discrepancy Running surface with

rare The clinical phenotype is usually restricted to a single organ (e.g. muscle or brain) due to tissue specific expression of channel isoforms. Different

units within a muscle. The extraocular muscle require fine motor control and may have 10 muscle fibres per motor unit. The gastrocnemius muscle on the other

Pattern of muscle weakness, i.e. proximal or distal. IBM also has distal weakness Muscle enzyme elevation (CK) Neurophysiology studies MRI of the muscles Muscle

unknown. A muscle contracture, on the other hand, is the shortening of the muscle resulting in an inability of the muscle to relax, and usually has a myogenic

pop at the time of trauma has no relationship with ACL rupture. Giving way is thought to be due to internal derangement or muscle weakness. It isn't specific

muscular action. With external resistance the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and sternal portion of pectoralis major assist provide concentric action. External

(AAFD), formerly described as posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) has complex pathology defined by the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch

The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) is the resulting potential. The CMAP is the sum of all the action potentials in the muscle fibres. A single

Quadriceps femoris has four muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis) Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Type Origin Combined

effect is enhanced by cholecystokinin antagonists. (cholecystokinin has anti-opioid action). Placebo analgesia can mimic the respiratory depression side effect

done by action of the popliteus muscle. The popliteus releases the tension in the collateral ligaments to allow smooth knee flexion under action of the

the contralateral muscle groups. At the point of autonomous muscle contraction, then there is a transition to strengthening of the muscles. Splinting - Different

peripheral nerve fibres once transduction has occurred. A response can be recorded from a peripheral nerve after a stimulus has been applied. The recording electrode

bacterial infection of the muscle, which can form abscesses and spread locally. It is relatively uncommon in temperate climates, often has an insidious onset,

accepted by the medical profession, and appeared in the BNF in 1963. The product has steadily replaced Aspirin products, primarily for musculoskeletal pain and

the joint surfaces Tension through muscle forces applied about the joint surfaces. Contact forces larger than muscle forces generally. Combined compressive

with heightened reflex excitability. Both sensory experiences and reflex action occur in distressing exaggeration when peripheral tissues have access to

attributed Thoracic muscle strain: Pain in a specific muscle with a history of activities consistent with a strain of that muscle. Tenderness on palpation

restraint is due to pain, obstruction by a body or soft tissue, antagonistic muscle action, or tethering by ligaments or fascia. Examples of this are the painful

CMT1A is the most common form of CMT and accounts for up to 70% of cases. It has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is caused by a duplication

best research that I could find in this area but it has multiple significant shortcomings. Their team has published other recent literature on the topic. A

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has studied in a trial showing superior results compared to conservative management. The mechanism of action is unclear. Goom suspects

tasks of daily living. The challenge to the surgeon is to re-attach the muscle to the bone in a way that glides smoothly within the pulley system of the

Lidocaine cream is not readily available in New Zealand and is not subsidised. It has to be ordered over the internet. Haim International for 10.56% lidocaine cream

in the uterus it causes smooth muscle contraction. PGH2 increases blood pressure, i.e. it competes against PGE2. PGI2 has the same effects on the gastrointestinal

intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements or postures. In individuals with dystonic gait, the muscle contractions

decarboxylase. Itch is thought to be a significant aspect of nociception. It has many similarities to pain, but generates a different behavioural response

lower lumbosacral plexus. The lumbar plexus is located within the psoas muscle. It contains the canterior rami of the T12 to L4 nerve roots. Only the femoral

movement the levator scapulae and rhomboid scapula muscles stabilise the shoulder girdle, and this muscle action results in compression forces being transmitted

follows: Low compound muscle action potential in the thenar and intrinsic muscles (both median nerve and ulnar nerve mediated muscles) - abductor digiti minimi

sits on the convex posterior facet of the calcaneus The subtalar joint axis has one degree of freedom and is set at an oblique angle that is oriented upward

loss of range of movement for example in bed-bound patients and in high muscle tone Patients with loss of range of movement by applying a sustained stretch

extension (with back muscle action) the inferior articular processes are also drawn downwards due to the action of the back muscles, and in this position

trochanter has four facets (anterior, lateral, posterior, and superoposteiror) with three tendon insertions. Gluteus medius is the most important muscle in gluteal

dermatomes. It is complex, which may be why it has been practically ignored in more literature and textbooks. The work has been supported by further research. They

the nerves that pass by the joint, patients may present with tingling and muscle weakness. Pain is a feature of ganglion cysts, particularly retinacular

injured muscle. One experimental human model of muscle injury examined the difference in expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in muscle tissue

classically has been described to be dermatomal in distribution. The likelihood ratios can be calculated from Yoss's study: thumb sensory loss has a +LR of

peripheral and central COX enzymes, is a weak anti-inflammatory agent, and has preferential COX-2 inhibition. It acts on COX as a reducing agent within the

The human studies have found further qualitative features of the pain that has contributed to our understanding such as it being lancinating and traveling

digastric muscle which is attached to the hyoid. The stylohyoid muscle originates from the temporal styloid process; it is a thin and long muscle that lies

known (postulate 2), and the source has been identified in patients (postulate 4). The production of intra-osseous pain has not been experimented on in normal