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Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Knee Osteoarthritis Patellar Tendinopathy Plica Syndrome Quadriceps Tendinopathy Patellar Instability Hoffa's Fat Pad Inflammation

swimming, or other activities that do not cause knee pain. Hip and knee strengthening is more effective than knee strengthening alone. There is limited evidence

to avoidance of knee flexion. There is tenderness over the lateral femoral epicondyle. Pain can be provoked by single-leg stance with knee flexion to 30°

neoplasm. Pain that is worse at rest suggests anterior knee disorders including pre-patellar bursitis. Knee Swelling Swelling can be secondary to inflammatory

superior tibiofibular joint, baker's cyst, knee posterior cruciate ligament, knee posterior capsular sprain, Knee Osteoarthritis or Ankle (Tibiotalar) Osteoarthritis

anesthetic Large syringe (one 60cc or two 30cc) for aspiration Needles 18 gauge: knee 20 gauge: most other joints 25 gauge: MTP joints 27 gauge for anaesthetic

This article is a stub. Knee MRI - Members Subpage

This article is a stub. This condition is due to swelling of the tibialis anterior muscle which can cause relative muscle ischaemia. Symptoms are reproduced

mechanism injuries, soft tissue lesions, peri-articular cyst or Baker's cyst With knee flexion the trochlear groove can be exposed. In this view you can assess

plus steroid if using. Knee and Leg Knee and Leg Anatomy Knee and Leg Conditions Knee and Leg Procedures Lower Limb Anatomy Acute Knee Pain Calf Pain Differential

This article is a stub. See open access article by Smith et al for ultrasound-guided aspiration, fenestration, and injection for the treatment of baker's

resisted plantar flexion. With the "one-leg hop test" the patient can hop at least 10 times on the affected leg, while the patient with a stress fracture

subcutaneous tissue. It has been historically referred to as "housemaid's knee". The main risk factors are compression such as repetitive kneeling and friction

This article is a stub. Quadriceps tendinopathy has similar symptom provocation patterns to patellar tendinopathy. When the pain radiates it can mimic

Rudavsky & Cook. Physiotherapy management of patellar tendinopathy (jumper's knee). Journal of physiotherapy 2014. 60:122-9. PMID: 25092419. DOI.

Enter the medial aspect of the knee at the middle of the patella, aiming toward the lateral midpole. Anterior: The patient's knee should be flexed 90°; keeping

Synovitis from any cause Knee surgery Knee osteoarthritis: One theory explaining the osteoarthritis-obesity association seen in knee osteoarthritis but not

still missing information. Acute knee pain with history of trauma or overuse Atraumatic knee pain with effusion Atraumatic knee pain without effusion Referred

boys. The patient has anterior knee pain. The pain is generally brought on by descending stairs, prolonged sitting with knees being immobile, kneeling, and

Differential Diagnosis Medial tibial stress syndrome - This is a prevalent cause of leg pain in athletes, typically linked to biomechanical abnormalities. The progression

low activity demands High tibial osteotomy (for varus knee) Distal femoral Osteotomy (for valgus knee) Younger patients with high activity demands and poor

rotation. When the knee is in full extension, the femur slightly medially rotates on the tibia to lock the knee joint in place. It unlocks the knee with medial

important ligament for stabilisation of the knee. It is frequently injured by athletes and trauma victims Main article: Knee Joint The ACL arises from the posteromedial

lift leg by heel, hold knee straight, flex hip to stretch Calf: child prone, knee flexed to 90 degrees, push foot down to stretch. child supine, knee straight

infrapatellar, or lateral compartments of the knee. Suprapatellar plica - found between the suprapatellar bursa and the knee joint. Medial plica (synonyms: medial

Popliteal artery Movements Do all as active, passive and resisted Knee flexion Knee extension Quads lag/extensor lag Ligaments Stress varus/valgus (rule

onset nocturnal leg cramps each year., and around one third of the general population experience rest cramps, with 83% occurring in the leg and 73% occurring

occur when a sudden twisting force is applied to the knee while the foot is planted and the knee is flexed. In contrast, degenerative tears are more common

Patients will often be unable to perform a straight leg raise. Fractures that extend into the knee joint will be associated with a hemarthrosis. The differential

injury. This article discusses knee joint anatomy. For a discussion on biomechanics of the knee see Knee Biomechanics. The knee joint contains four bones:

radicular pain, and weakness of knee flexion and hip extension. Lumbosacral plexopathy: foot drop with weakness of knee flexion, internal hip rotation,

ground forces the knee into flexion. Displaced patellar fractures need to be fixed surgically to reconstruct the extensor mechanism of the knee. Without reduction

non-operatively requires a long-leg cast, one that crosses the knee and ankle joints; surgical treatment thereby liberates the knee and ankle. Permitting motion

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

osteoarthritis after the knee. The condition imposes an increasing burden on the healthcare system, yet research has not kept pace with knee specific research

This category uses the form Condition.

Knee and Leg Knee and Leg Anatomy Knee and Leg Conditions Knee and Leg Procedures Lower Limb Anatomy Acute Knee Pain Calf Pain Differential Diagnoses Diagnostic

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Differential Diagnoses Knee and Leg Select [►] to view subcategories Knee and Leg Knee and Leg Anatomy Knee and Leg Conditions Knee and Leg Procedures Lower

Procedure Concepts Hand and Wrist Procedures Head and Jaw Procedures Knee and Leg Procedures Pelvis, Hip and Thigh Procedures Shoulder Procedures Spine

in agreement with Nitta for S1. L4 involved the anterolateral knee; L5 was the lower leg and lateral ankle; and S1 was the dorsolateral thigh, lateral

Injection Knee and Leg Knee and Leg Procedures Baker's Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) Injection Genicular Nerve Injection Knee Joint Aspiration Knee Joint Injection

extension (L5), knee flexion (S1) Reflexes: knee (L3, L4), medial hamstring (L5), achilles (S1) Sensation: L2, L3, L4 (medial lower leg 88%), L5 (first

2002: tidal irrigation v placebo for knee OA - negative study Moseley 2002: lavage/debridement v placebo for knee OA - negative study Kallmes 2009: vertebroplasty

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

24 April 2022 This article is still missing information. Leg length discrepancy also known as leg length inequality refers to unequal lower limb lengths

which include the straight-leg raise test, crossed straight-leg raise test, and slump test. The pooled +LR of the straight leg raise test is only 1.3. The

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

15-30 degrees of knee extension Biceps femoris tested by externally rotating the leg Semimembranosus testing by internally rotating the leg Range of motion

muscle and is active during both hip flexion and knee extension; it works better as a hip flexor with the knee is flexion. Sartorius is also a two-joint muscle

other leg up out the way, and adduct leg in extension Or cross the leg over other one N ROM = 25 IR in 90 deg flexion: N ROM = 45 Can hold knees together

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

the Semitendinosus and Biceps Femoris muscles. It courses into the lower leg under the fibrous arch of soleus, along the Tibialis Posterior. It reaches

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

condyle (common short and long head tendon) flexes knee joint laterally rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed) extends hip joint (long head only) external

anesthetic Large syringe (one 60cc or two 30cc) for aspiration Needles 18 gauge: knee 20 gauge: most other joints 25 gauge: MTP joints 27 gauge for anaesthetic

tendon, onto the medial superior tibia Action flexes knee joint, medially rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint

tract External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction

inguinal region, thigh excluding posteriorly, and the lower medial leg. The knee reflex is from L3-4 and may be reduced. This is the most common lesion

posterior horn of medial meniscus Action Flexes knee joint, medially rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint

stabilise knee and counteract the flexion moment (about the knee). Mid-stance (single limb support): This is the initial period of single leg support. It

(common short and long head tendon) Action flexes knee joint laterally rotates knee joint (when the knee is flexed) extends hip joint (long head only) external

article is a stub. Loss of hip flexion and knee extension. Loss of sensation over the anterior thigh and medial leg

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

step, single leg calf raises, single leg knee bent calf raises, add load if required, add speed to calf raises with knee bent, hopping double leg, hopping

side of the leg, and the medial side of the dorsum of the foot to the first digit. Distinctive regions. L4 is medial side of the lower leg in 88%. L5 is

common peroneal nerve) and leg (except medial portion which is saphenous nerve) Extensive motor innervation to thigh, leg, ankle, foot. Superior Gluteal

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

the thigh, as well as assisting in flexion of the knee joint. It also plays a role in stabilizing the knee during standing and ambulation. Due to its superficial

a summary. JA Louw. The differential diagnosis of neurogenic and referred leg pain - 1.55 MB (f) Systemic Conditions Metabolic Neuropathy Diabetes Mellitus

for arm pain, 1.2 for neck shoulder and back pain, 4.37 for knee pain in women, 2.78 for knee pain in men, 1.4 for hip pain (no clear association), and 1

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Action Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee Synergists Antagonists Spinal innervation Peripheral Innervation Vasculature

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles Insertion Tibial tuberosity Action Knee extension; Hip flexion (Rectus femoris only) Synergists Antagonists Spinal

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

test position Quadriceps muscle weakness Pain in the anteromedial knee joint, medial leg, and foot Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Inguinal ligament Positive pelvic

(via greater trochanter) Action Hip - flexion, medial rotation, abduction, knee - lateral rotation, Torso - stabilization Synergists Antagonists Spinal innervation

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

ball-in-socket hip joint. Distal to the hip, the shaft courses toward the knee. Just above the knee joint, the femur widens to form the medial and lateral condyles

Fine precision - finger to thumb opposition Metacarpal squeeze Leg length discrepancy Knee movement Hip joint movement Foot inspection Metatarsal squeeze

Forearm Conditions Foot and Ankle Conditions Hand and Wrist Conditions Knee and Leg Conditions Lumbar Spine Conditions Pelvis, Hip and Thigh Conditions Shoulder

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

elbow flexors. The clinician extends the patient's knee with a constant velocity. As the patient's knee nears full extension the muscle tone of the quadriceps

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

thigh, and even the leg and foot. The intervertebral discs can refer pain to the gluteal region, thigh, and leg; even the thigh and leg without the buttock

an OR of 1.7 for developing knee OA over a follow up of 2-14 years. Those with knee OA are 4 times more likely to have knee extensor or flexor weakness

either leg Hip extension weakness: The patient flexes their good leg against resistance while keeping your hand under the heel of the weak leg. If you

inferiorly as the knee. The anterior branch typically contains all the L3 fibres of the nerve and supplies the anterolateral thigh to the knee. It has terminal

Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients With Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018 Mar

drape, gauze pad Sterile cleansing solution Adhesive bandage Patient supine, knee flexed about 90 degrees, with foot flat on the examination table in 30-45

alternative diagnosis. Sustained single-leg stance (Trendelenburg Test): Lateral hip pain reproduced on 30s single-leg stance test has a sensitivity and specificity

Action External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction

pregnancy, ascites, tight clothing, seat belts, braces, scoliosis, direct trauma, leg length discrepancy, and muscle spasm. Meralgia paraesthetica has been described

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos. Pelvic asymmetry: Assess for pelvic malalignment and leg length discrepancies as causes of pseudoscoliosis Neurological examination:

Forced internal rotation and extension of the leg with mechanical load (e.g. with in a head-on MVA with the knee extended) can also cause injury. The patients

achilles tendinopathy, a double leg calf raise may give no pain, a single leg calf raise may give a small amount of pain, a double leg jump may give a greater

There may be reduced reflexes at the knees, medial hamstrings, and ankles. brisk knee jerks but a reduced or absent knee jerks suggests lower spinal cord involvement

Iliotibial band: lateral knee pain Quradriceps: anterior knee pain Hamstring and popliteus: posterior knee pain Anterior tibialis: anterior leg pain Peroneus longus:

and legs, and there is compromised timing of triple flexion of the leg joints. One example is the knees driving the squat movement, with the knees moving

including trauma hip pain abnormal gait inability to weight bear arthropathy knee pain AP view demonstrates the hip joint in the AP plane, with the limb internally

does so in the same location. Entire length of lower limb, but below knee > above knee. In mild cases the pain may be restricted proximally. Pattern Felt

pain syndromes from disc disease. Putting too much emphasis on the straight leg raise test, thinking that a negative test excludes disc disease as a cause

with an extended leg, and the leg gets forced back. Another common mechanism is missing a step, with force transmission right up the leg to the side. It

type: from best absorption to worst is genitals > head/neck > trunk > arm > leg Age: Skin is more permeable in the very young and elderly. Vicinity to vessels

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

of nerve root S2. L5 and S1 Sensory: posterior side of the legs (S1), lateral side of the leg, first and fifth toe (L5), dorsal side of the feet Motor:

female gender, race, worse baseline clinical characteristics of back pain, leg pain, back-related disability and duration of symptoms, smoking, anxiety symptoms

one-legged hyperextension test. The latter test involves standing on one leg and bending backwards looking for pain in the ipsilateral back, but I could

with knees straight. I.e. not surprising that compression fractures are so common. QCT and Proximal Femur Failure Fracture forces in vitro Single-leg stance:

overview of the research North 2005: n=50, persistent pain after surgery with leg pain greater or equal to back pain. SCS superior to reoperation for achieving

on MRI. It causes sudden shocks of pain. He does not get any leg pain apart from the knee pain as above. He gets some groin pain but the back is much worse

syndesmosis and interosseous membrane, up the leg. This can lead to a fracture of the proximal fibula near the knee -- a so-called Maisonneuve fracture (Figure

episodes, duration of episode, days to seek care, pain and disability levels, leg pain General Health: Smoking, habitual physical activity, perceived health

Elbow Pain Acute Knee Pain Acute Low Back Pain Acute Neck Pain Chronic Low Back Pain Chronic Neck Pain Coccydynia Distal Weakness Foot Drop Leg Cramps Neuropathic

Posterior Thigh Pain Buttock Pain Anterior Thigh Pain Knee Pain Calf Pain Ankle Pain Foot Pain Neuropathic Leg Pain Other Abdominal Wall Pain Chest Wall Pain

sit up. Eventually, muscles such as the forearm flexors and extensors and knee flexors and extensors may become weak. The weakness and wasting are often

lumbar spinal stenosis. The features on history are 1) bilateral symptoms; 2) leg pain more than back pain; 3) pain during walking/standing; 4) pain relief

temperature during testing is vital. The arm should be maintained at 34 to 36°C and leg at 32 to 34°C during assessment. Two important factors to consider are anxiety-induced

region, scrotum and labia; numbness in thighs or legs; rectal or vaginal bleeding; or more rarely, leg-length inequality. Acetabular fractures usually result

sacral canal Caudal epidural steroid injection has been used in radicular leg pain, axial pain (internal disc disruption), and spinal stenosis. There is

that improves with age 1. Soft, doughy skin 2. Proximal joint contractures (knee, hip, and elbow) 2. Atrophic scarring 3. Hypermobility of distal joints 3

a 1-to-6 scale (1) leg pain; (2) numbness or tingling in the leg, foot, or groin; (3) weakness in leg or foot; and (4) back or leg pain while sitting,

pain in the lower back and into his legs that drops him to the ground More often shooting pain in the right than left leg Not improving and referrer suspected