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(Facet) Joint Primary Type Synovial Joint Secondary Type Planar Joint Bones Vertebra Ligaments Capsular Ligament Muscles Innervation Medial Branches of the

1. 2x uncovertebral joints (joints of Luschka) at each segments. They are not true synovial joints (clefts at the lateral edges of IVD between uncinated

front-on, the annulus is shaped like an inverted "V", with the fibres converging towards the midline, and the apex of the V pointing to the axis of rotation

or recurrent nerves of Luschka. Innervate the meninges, ligaments, and periosteum of the spinal canal and the anulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disk

and the sacral plexus. The posterior aspect of the joint is supplied by a plexus that is formed by the lateral branches of the posterior rami of L5 to

Through the atlanto-axial joint the load from the head is transmitted to the rest of the cervical spine. The atlas also has anterior and posterior arches

anterior arch of the atlas (C1) and the front of the odontoid process The lateral atlantoaxial joints are between the lateral mass of the atlas (C1) and axis

Villonodular Synovitis Synovial Chondromatosis Referred Pain - Hip Joint, Lumbosacral spine pathology Neoplasm - soft tissue, intraosseous Lateral meniscus

structure of the body wall or limbs. A number of structures in the lumbar spine are capable of nociception including the lumbar zygapophysial joints, intervertebral

dissection of vertebral artery, internal carotid artery, or aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. Fracture DISH and ossification of the posterior longitudinal

identify the L1 vertebral body, and subsequently determine the correct numeric assignment of the LSTV. Radiographs of the entire spine can fulfil the same

Osteoarthritis Disorder of the synovial joints of the cervical spine (zygapophyseal joints and atlanto-axial joints), characterised by osteophytes, joint narrowing,

compression of the labrum and acetabular cartilage. This leads to separation of the labrum from the acetabular cartilage and delamination of the acetabular

found that in the general chronic spine patient population, the ZA joints cause 55% of chronic cervical spine pain among 255 cervical spine pain patients

evidence for the use of NSAIDs in the short term, with naproxen being more effective than placebo. There is no evidence to support the use of ultrasound

evaluate the sagittal rotation of the pelvis and coccygeal angle of incidence. These views can identify the source of pain in around 70% of patients. The initial

within 2cm of the centre of the sacrum. When the C7 plumb line sits to the left of the sacrum there is a negative coronal balance, when it sits to the right

regards to ageing changes, but come under the umbrella of synovial joints - i.e. the changes are likely a combination of genetics and abnormal biomechanics.

as per the Cobb method) of the spine in the coronal plane, uncorrectable by voluntary or passive movement, and accompanied by axial rotation of the vertebrae

Ultimately spine imaging may fail to identify the pain source. For example ruptures of the capsule of a facet joint in the cervical spine from whiplash

Cervical Spine Biomechanics Normal - 2000 - 1.04 MB (f) Cervical Spine Biomechanics Soft Tissue Responses - 2001 - 4.31 MB (f) Cervical Spine Biomechanics

alignment of the lumbar spine, sacroiliac and hip joints, and functional stability of the lumbopelvic region. Modification of activities of daily living

medium into the joints or by electrical stimulation of the dorsal rami. Below shows the main pain distributions from C0-1 to C7/T1, and the dorsal rami C3

anatomy of the lumbar spine. Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone, 2012. Maigne et al.. The lateral cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami of the thoraco-lumbar

Synovial Joints: The most likely source of nociception in chronic idiopathic neck are the synovial joints of the neck. These are the facet joints, atlanto-axial

anterior half of the lower border of the upper spinous process. Dorsally there are fibres that run from the posterior half of the upper border of the lower spinous

strum the strings harder or turn up the amplifier. The strings in the guitar are equivalent to all the different nerves in different parts of the body.

standing: Look at the spine from the side and from behind Look at the skin and natal cleft Look at limb and trunk proportions Look at the face and jaw profile

flexion of the intervertebral joint. When the lumbar spine flexes there is more stress on the disc, and with extension there is more stress on the facet

credibility of the doctor, therapeutic setting, treatment, administrative setting; and the nature of the interaction between the patient and doctor. The effect

reaches the inner third of the anulus Grade II: reaches the middle third of the anulus Grade III: reaches the outer third of the anulus Grade IV: the fissure

commonly at C3/4. In the lumbar spine, the zygapophysial joints face posteriorly and laterally, and share little of the axial load. The joints resist axial rotation

history, multiple joint involvement. The knee is the most common peripheral site of cancer. The most common peripheral site of cancer is the distal femur,

location depends on the affected section of the sacroiliac joint. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal

processes of the coccygeal vertebrae the most superior eminences join the lateral edges of the sacrum, forming the foramen for the transmission of the anterior

information. The hip joint is a synovial joint between the femoral head and the acetabulum of the pelvis. The hip is a ball and socket joint. The ball is the spherical

back facing you Palpate scapular spine to its lateral limit (the acromion) Identify the posterolateral corner of the acromion Insert 1.5-in needle 1 cm

exceeding the capacity of the deep stabilising system the athlete will tend to hyperextend of the spine, protract the shoulders, and antevert the pelvis.

forces. c. Facet Joints: Also known as zygapophyseal joints, facet joints are paired synovial joints located posteriorly in the FSU. They provide stability and

article on the technique. The lumbar dorsal rami have three branches. The medial branch innervates the multifidus muscle and the facet joint at the same level

down the spine. In the upper spine the axis of rotation is below the moving vertebra, but the axes move progressively closer to the disc down the cervical

lordotic lumbar spine, the facet joints bear around 16% of axial load - the lower joints bear slightly more weight than the upper joints (19% vs 11%). In

midline of the trunk posteriorly, across the buttock, through the lateral side of the thigh, the lateral side of the leg, and the medial side of the dorsum

innervation of the skin (dermatomes) is different to that of the deeper tissues. The muscles of the shoulder girdle are supplied by C6 and C7, very different

Costotransverse joint pain is felt in the parasagittal thoracic spine. It does not or only rarely causes midline or arm pain. It does not cross the midline. Thoracic

from thoracic spine costovertebral joints interspinous ligaments and paravertebral muscles possibly not costotransverse joints or facet joints Sternalis Syndrome

source of the pain refers to the anatomical structure which has nociceptive activity leading to pain perception. The cause of the pain is the disease process

results in bulging of the anulus fibrosus and ligamentum flavum into the spinal canal. These changes alter the loading of the facet joints, which leads to

ossification of the terminal ends of the collagen fibres of the AF. This ossification can occur in the anterior and posterior margins of the disc where compressive

denervation of lumbar facet joints in the treatment of chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind, sham lesion-controlled trial. The Clinical journal

synovial fold. The latter is the most clinically relevant and runs from the internal aspect of the joint capsule along to the medial edge of the patella and

with the medial border of the scapula, laterally by the glenohumeral joint, superiorly by the upper border of trapezius, and inferiorly by the spine of the

Geometry of the structure Mechanical properties of the materials from which the structure is made Location and direction of loads to which the structure

from the side. The joint space seen is only the ventral aspect of the joint, the rest of the joint projects laterally and is covered by the superior articular

called the interchondral joints. The interchondral joints normally merge into a common arch joining to the sternum. The false ribs "piggyback" on the 7th

limb, the posterior or anterior chest wall, the abdominal wall, the lower limb girdle and the lower limb. The distribution of referred pain in the head

there is the right crus and the IVC Anterior to the vertebral bodies towards the centre and left there is the left crus and the aorta Posterior to the laminae

inflammatory changes in the SIJ and spine. Definitions of what constitutes a positive MRI of the SIJ and spine have been published by ASAS. Early diagnosis is

surfaces of two adjacent vertebrae as a result of a change of the position of the fluid in the nucleus There are no formal population studies on the incidence

arteries in the transverse foramina and into the posterior cranial fossa. The sinuvertebral nerves of the cervical spine are formed from two roots: the somatic

information. The compressive force on the thoracolumbar spine is the force that acts along the long axis of the spine as arises from tension in the paraspinal

in one or more sections of the spine. The anterior longitudinal ligament covers the anterior and anterolateral part of the spine and so AP radiographs can

standing: Look at the spine from the side and from behind Look at the skin and natal cleft Look at limb and trunk proportions Look at the face and jaw profile

anatomy of the lumbar spine. Elsevier 2012 Weiler PJ, King GJ, Gertzbein SD. Analysis of sagittal plane instability of the lumbar spine in vivo. Spine (Phila

endrange flexion of the lower cervical spine and so can be used to assess C0-C2 rotation mobility in the presence of lower cervical spine pain and dysfunction

men, with 18% of women over the age of 60 and 10% of men over the age of 60 experiencing symptoms of OA. In New Zealand, the prevalence of OA is approximately

Observe from the front: Ask the patient to breath normally while monitoring from the front the quality of the breathing, observing the movement of the ribs, the

at least one of the involved joints must be a small joint; the other joints can include any combination of large and additional small joints, as well as

keep the vestibular canals stationary. i.e. move the torso with respect to the head, rather than the head with respect to the torso. For example the examiner

binding the nerve roots and the spinal nerve mainly to the facet joint capsule dorsally, but also to the margins of the foramen. At the outer end of the foramen

numbness of the ipsilateral half of the tongue. Excessive rotation leads to subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint leading to occipital pain. The C2 ventral

broken. The peak is the phase of failure of the collagen fibre, with substantial numbers of bonds being irreversibly broken. The last part of the curve is

below the S3 level. This is a triangular gap on the posterior aspect of the caudal end of the sacrum. The hiatus arises due to failure of fusion of the lamina

fusion in the lumbar spine, including posterior, anterior, and lateral approaches. The choice of approach depends on factors such as the level of spinal fusion

articulates with the scapula to form the glenohumeral joint. The scapular spine is located on the dorsal surface of the scapula and separates the supraspinatus

accuracy of history taking and physical examination for assessing anterior cruciate ligament lesions of the knee in primary care. Archives of physical

activity in the dysfunctional area. The osteopathic TART perspective views changes depending on the chronicity of the condition. Some of the changes relate

spondylolistheses) is the slippage of one vertebra relative to the one below. It can occur anywhere in the spine, but is most commonly seen in the lumbar spine, particularly

until relief of at least 90%. The control had the same but with triamcinolone 40mg. The outcomes were the same at 3 months, but the results of the prolotherapy

sacroiliac joints. The joint space is relatively well preserved. On MRI there is extensive sclerosis especially on the iliac side of the sacroiliac joints. The

considered to have SIJ pain on the basis of two positive responses to diagnostic blocks, i.e. 16% of the total cohort, or 40% of the cohort with positive SIJ

osteoarthrosis Somatic Referred Pain from the Lumbar Spine or Sacroiliac Joints Calcific Tendinopathy of the abductor tendons Meralgia paresthetica Snapping

Gluteal Tendinopathy Somatic Referred Pain from the Lumbar Spine or Sacroiliac Joints Calcific Tendinopathy of the abductor tendons Hip Osteoarthritis Meralgia

(ankle) joint and ends at the calcaneocuboid joint (Figure 1). The bones of the hindfoot are the talus (lower bone of the ankle joint) and the calcaneus

single x-ray of the pelvis to include the iliac crests and pubic symphysis. It allows assessment of general pelvic pathology, the sacrum, some of the lower lumbar

At the L1-4 neural segments the target is the medial branch of the dorsal ramus. At the L5 neural segment the target is the L5 dorsal ramus. The medial

5-10% of the population. The incidence for arthritis/arthralgia is 38.6 per 1000 population. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most important condition of the

from the neck to the head, or from the head to the neck. Neck pain can refer to the chest and vice versa. However if the primary disorder lies in the heart

which traverses the sacral hiatus above the epidural space Obtain a longitudinal position of the sacral hiatus, the proximal portion of the transducer resting

from the inferior aspect of the labrum and inserts on the anatomic neck of the humerus. It is the prime anterior stabiliser of the shoulder in the 90° abducted

information. The hip series is comprised of an anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiograph of the hip joint. The series is requested for a myriad of reasons

or injury in the arm or forearm, pathology of the brachial plexus, to cervical stenosis at the level of the spine). An inability to flex the fingers after

activity influence the relationship between low back pain and obesity? The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society. 2014 Feb;14(2):209-216

muscles; the anterior superior iliac spine, caused by pull of the tensor fascia lata; the iliac crest, by the pull of abdominal muscles; and the anterior

structure of the body wall or limbs. A number of structures in the lumbar spine are capable of nociception including the lumbar zygapophysial joints, intervertebral

may be lumbosacral spine tenderness and pain over the lateral aspect of the sacrum. There is pubic rami tenderness in the presence of associated pubic rami

angle of the scapula, iliac crest, and the spinous processes of the seventh thoracic to the fifth lumbar vertebrae. It inserts on the floor of the intertubercular

midline of the trunk posteriorly, across the buttock, through the lateral side of the thigh, the lateral side of the leg, and the medial side of the dorsum

stress within the muscle fibers. The resulting strain corresponds to the change in length of the muscle fibers. The stress-strain relationship of muscle tissue

Spine Procedures Cervical Spine Procedures Lumbar Spine Procedures Sacrococcygeal Spine Procedures Sacroiliac Joint Procedures Thoracic Spine Procedures

tension the body forms "strings" in the form of collagens. To withstand compression the body develops a fluid "mush" in the form of proteoglycans. The fibrous

about freezing the tissue. The water cooling with saline decreases charring of structures immediately adjacent and allows the extension of the heated field

impingement of the L5 nerve root between the L5 transverse process and the ala of the sacrum Degenerative scoliosis with tilting of L5 and depression of the concave

discharge of the neurons of the dorsal horns of the spinal cord, an expansion of receptor fields, and an increase in responses evoked by the stimulation

polymorphic parts of the human body. The commonest variation of the hyoid takes place in the process of ankylosis of the joints between the horns (greater

compression of the labrum and acetabular cartilage. This leads to separation of the labrum from the acetabular cartilage and delamination of the acetabular

caution. The iFUSE system involves the fluoroscopic insertion of 2-4 triangular implants through the ilium across the sacroiliac joint into the centre of the

This article is a stub. Literature Review Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI

regions. The medial side of the lower leg was subserved by L4 in 88%, the side of the first dorsal digit was subserved by L5 in 82%, and the side of the fifth

its origin at the outer edge of the iliac crest running from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). It has

concluded that the evidence supports the inclusion of eccentric strengthening as part of a multimodal approach to rehabilitation Some of the better quality

example of this "train of intellectual dishonesty" regarding the prevalence of "non-specific back pain" is presented here for illustration. The lancet review

(most common) Zygapophysial joint pain Discogenic pain Interspinous ligament pain Costovertebral joint pain Costotransverse joint pain Fracture Infection Malignancy

information. The process of diagnostic reasoning starts with the medical history. The validity of the history is highly dependent on the mastery of the relevant

Spine Cervical Spine General Spine Lumbar Spine Sacrococcygeal Spine Sacroiliac Joint Spine Anatomy Thoracic Spine

related to the resultant hypoxia. The femur is the largest bone in the body. Proximally, the femoral head articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis in

1): The epiphysis is the region of bone adjacent to the joint surface. Below it lies the physis, the area where growth occurs. Distal to that is the metaphysis

is applied with the palm of the hand over the ramus of the jaw, while the contralateral hand provides a stabilisation force through the contralateral zygomatic

decussation the fibres of the dorsal column form the medial lemniscus, ascend through the brainstem, and synapse in the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

coronal balance of the spine). Assess if the ears are aligned with the shoulders, and that the shoulders are aligned with the hips. Look at the shoulders whether

anterior half of the lower border of the upper spinous process. Dorsally there are fibres that run from the posterior half of the upper border of the lower spinous

Occipital Nerve Injection Thoracic Spine Thoracic Spine Procedures no pages or subcategories Lumbar Spine Lumbar Spine Procedures Caudal Epidural Steroid

Tendinopathy Referred pain (Cervical spine, Upper thoracic spine, Myofascial) Synovitis of the radiohumeral joint Radiohumeral bursitis Radial Head Fractures

originate at the transverse processes of the cervical spine and insert onto the first rib. The interscalene triangle is located between the anterior and

orientation of the posteroinferior aspect of the joint is to determine the needle direction. The posterior aspect of the joint, where you direct your needle

Tunnel Syndrome Posterior Ankle Impingement Referred Pain from the lumbar spine Complications of acute ankle injuries Os tibiale externum (accessory navicular)

fractures (fibula, posterior cortex of the tibia) Vascular abnormalities - entrapment of popliteal artery, endo-fibrosis of external iliac artery, aneurysm

fracture of neck of femur, pubic ramus, or acetabulum Nerve entrapment of obturator, ilioinguinal, or genitofemoral nerves Referred lumbar spine or sacroiliac

arises from the medial branches of the dorsal ramus of C2. It arises behind the C1/C2 lateral joint. The nerve arches downwards below the inferior oblique

This article is a stub. Literature Review Reviews from the last 7 years: review articles, free review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, NCBI

Winging is defined as a prominence of the medial or vertebral border of the scapula. Winging may or may not be symptomatic. The most common causes are long thoracic

deformity Skin roll over the trapezius Cervical spine movement Thoracic spine movement Lumbar spine movement Temporomandibular joint movement Sterno-clavicular

Biologics in the Management of Low Back Pain ASIPP 2021 Guidelines for Epidural Interventions The SIS guidelines are closed source with a cost of up to $400

Facet Joint Interventions in the Management of Chronic Spinal Pain: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) Guidelines Facet Joint Interventions

Koch's postulates for bacterial diseases. The postulates are typically applied to the spine. Innervated: The structure should have a nerve supply. Experimental

Anatomy Joints Lower Limb Anatomy Spine Anatomy Tissues Torso Anatomy Upper Limb Anatomy Biomechanics Biomechanics of the Lower Limb Biomechanics of the Spine

laryngo-oesophageal reflux Soft tissue injuries Occult cervical spine fracture or instability Tumours of the neck, hypopharynx, or lung apex. Sialadenitis Odontogenic

Lumbosacral spine Referred Lumbar Spine or Sacroiliac Joint pain Hip joint causes Hip joint osteoarthritis Other hip joint causes Extra-articular hip causes

view of target injection site Identify lateral to the spinous process the multifidus muscle, facet joint, transverse process, iliac crest, and the pseudoarthrosis

are common as the MCN comprises of the sensory branches of the dorsal rami of S1-S3. See Konno et al for an open access anatomical study of middle cluneal

Nerve The third occipital nerve (TON) arises from the medial branches of the posterior ramus of the third cervical spine nerve. It arises between the axis

involves the conscious, explicit application of an analytical approach to arrive at the correct diagnosis. An HIV positive patient with a CD4 count of 50 with

disease of the cervical spine The symptoms; namely pain, numbness, and motor symptoms; of Neck-Tongue Syndrome are typically brief, in the order of seconds

meaning joint, is a term used to describe the failure of a spinal fusion surgery to achieve successful bony union. In the context of the lumbar spine, pseudoarthrosis

avulsion of the inferior pole of the patella. The mechanism of injury is a forceful eccentric contraction of the quadriceps. Instead of rupturing the patellar

syndrome of the thigh Endometriosis Diabetic radiculopathy or plexopathy Acute retroperitoneal haematoma or abscess Iliacus Pyomyositis Tumours of the femoral

which is usually the most prominent one. Mark a point 1 inch lateral to the spinous process on each side, basically in the belly of the trapezius muscle

Locate the LON by going two-thirds of the way between the occipital protuberance and the mastoid process. Enter perpendicular to the skip, stop at the periosteum

vertebrae with the apex of the curve found at the mid thoracic spine or lower thoracic spine. Some texts include the thoracolumbar spine. It is associated

normal The most effective type of reassurance turned out to be the type of communication that allowed the patient to draw a conclusion from the explanation

Referred pain Referred lumbar spine pain Sacroiliac joint dysfunction Neurological "Hamstring syndrome" Nerve entrapment of posterior cutaneous or sciatic

osteoarthritis of the ankle joint when compared to other sites such as the knee, hip, and hand. Main article: Tibiotalar Joint (Talocrural Joint) The tibiotalar

herniation of intra- or retro-peritoneal structures through the inferior lumbar triangle into the soft tissues of the low back. There is a wide range of reported

to perineum and levator ani Yoo et al.. An appraisal of the short lateral rotators of the hip joint. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) 2015. 28:800-12.

done 10 months ago by the Orthopaedic Surgeon, and so they are presented before the examination. MRI Lumbar Spine MRI Lumbar Spine Report L1/2: right paracentral

within the psoas muscle. It contains the canterior rami of the T12 to L4 nerve roots. Only the femoral nerve can be reliably tested by EMG. The lateral

that the treatments of the other groups don't work, and each have their own literature which may ignore the literature of the other groups. None of the

unknown in one third of cases. The classic triad is fever, back pain, and neurologic deficits. However only a small percentage of affected individuals have

eral_Joint The glenohumeral joint is a synovial diarthrodial joint where the humeral head articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The joint

article is a stub. Limited hip flexion on the affected side Lack of full hip extension Decreased lift in the swing phase Antalgic gait Swelling Ecchymosis

Tendinopathy Referred pain (Cervical spine, Upper thoracic spine, Myofascial) Synovitis of the radiohumeral joint Radiohumeral bursitis Radial Head Fractures

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical

because with the absence of cells, the bone can't respond to the the loading of normal daily activities. The fracture and collapse are a result of multiple

Tendinopathy Referred pain (Cervical spine, Upper thoracic spine, Myofascial) Synovitis of the radiohumeral joint Radiohumeral bursitis Radial Head Fractures

This article is a stub. Martin R, Martin HD, Kivlan BR. NERVE ENTRAPMENT IN THE HIP REGION: CURRENT CONCEPTS REVIEW. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12(7):1163-1173

Tendinopathy Referred pain (Cervical spine, Upper thoracic spine, Myofascial) Synovitis of the radiohumeral joint Radiohumeral bursitis Radial Head Fractures

of the neurological symptoms in sciatica for the localization of a lumbar disc herniation; a contribution to the problem of the surgical treatment of sciatica

reflection of the capsule onto the peripheral border of the labrum. The vessels only penetrate the outermost layer of the labrum. Nociceptive fibres are found

which the foot is planted on the ground and the body rotates around it. The direction of rotation, the orientation of the foot while planted and the amount

genes can cause the condition. There are five types depending on the gene. There is variation in phenotype even amongst family members with the same pathogenic

preserved superiorly. Remainder of the bony pelvis and the sacroiliac joints are normal. You refer him for an MRI of his lumbar spine to query spinal stenosis

part, but the standard biopsy is 10cm above the lateral malleolus in the region of sural nerve innervation to enable evaluation of the loss of the most distal

and tethering of the nerve by the peroneus longus tendon in the peroneal tunnel. Compression at the level of the hip Compression at the popliteal fossa

safe triangle in the AP projection are the inferior edge of the pedicle, the superior edge of the nerve, and the lateral margin of the neural foramen. Oblique

to rapid MRI of the lumbar spine. The primary outcome was the modified Roland back pain disability score, which is a validated measure of disability related

Journal of Pain Spine Intervention Society Spine Journal European Spine Journal Musculoskeletal Science Practice EFORT Open Reviews American Journal of Physical

society. Consistent with the old saying, “we come into the world under the brim of the pelvis and go out through the neck of the femur,” hip fractures are

placing the patient supine, making sure the pelvis is level, then measuring from the ASIS to the medial malleolus with the tape running medial to the patella

sitting is required then the patient can use a shaped cushion to allow the body weight to sit on the posterior thighs rather than the ischium. Repeated hamstring

to the saddle region, voluntary control of the outer surface of the rectum, voluntary control of the urinary sphincters, and the sensory and motor innervation

above the superior aspect of the calcaneum Insertional Achilles tendinopathy - the pain occurs within the first 2cm of the insertion point on the calcaneum

flexor of the thumb and the superficial flexor of the index finger, or in front of the superficial flexor of the middle finger. In the distal part of the

loss of function. In the lumbar spine tension or compression of a nerve root only leads to loss of function. You need the additional component of inflammation

entrapment. The iliopubic tract (IPT): This is a region of dense connective tissue. It is at the junction of the anterior lamina of the iliac fascia, and the transversalis

Sacroiliac Joint Sacroiliac Joint Conditions Sacroiliac Joint Procedures Sacroiliac Joint Sacroiliac Joint Examination Sacroiliac Joint Pain Differential

Thoracic Spine Examination Lumbar Spine Select [►] to view subcategories Lumbar Spine Lumbar Spine Anatomy Lumbar Spine Conditions Lumbar Spine Procedures

Examination Spine and Head TMJ Examination Cervical Spine Examination Thoracic Spine Examination Lumbar Spine Examination Sacroiliac Joint Examination