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i.e. asymmetric symptoms such as a wrist drop and foot drop. This is much less common than polyneuropathy Radiculopathy is pathology of a nerve root, it

area relative to the joint meaning less inflammatory potential, and waddling gait in obese individuals leading to less force through the hip but not through

but stated that there was less overlap when assessing only the true primitive areas. They found that proximal extensions had less dense sensation reduction

opiates) increase bioavailability. Peak serum conc 3 hours Distribution: Less lipophilic so requires active transport across the BBB Metabolism: minimal

with movement. However there is little bony congruity and with that there is less inherent stability. There is a network of ligaments that hold the bones in

2014 ARHQ-funded Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections for Spinal Stenosis (LESS) trial randomized 400 adults ≥50 years old with lumbar spinal stenosis and

rule out the disease, especially in later stages. GAA activity is typically less than 10 percent of normal in tissues such as fibroblasts and muscle. Muscle

wrist extension. There are two forms - the more common proximal form, and less common distal form. Proximal Intersection Syndrome In the proximal form the

clavicle is an uncommon condition that can occur from AC joint overload or less commonly from direct trauma. See also: Shoulder Biomechanics The clavicle

can help ascertain the level of skeletal maturation. Curve progression is less common after the onset of menarche. Pain: Most adolescents are asymptomatic

bulbous, and saddle-shaped. The clavicular notch of the sternum is concave. Less than half of the medial clavicle articulates with the sternum. The articular

0-100. If you happen to have a setting of 70 that is higher than average, but less than fibromyalgia, you will feel more pain. While in fibromyalgia the amplifier

determinant of modulus and strength is the ash density. Wet bone is less stiff, less strong, and less brittle than fully dried bone. After yielding, collagen content

defined as flexion of more than 25 degrees. Hypomobility has been defined as less than 5 degrees. Any listhesis (subluxation) should also be assessed, which

hand-transmitted vibrations Note: Tennis is associated with the condition in less than 10 in 100 patients, and is more common in recreational players. See

nerve entrapment is an important cause of chronic low back pain. See also the less common middle cluneal nerve entrapment and inferior cluneal nerve entrapment

verification) Sciatica lasting “at least 6 weeks” Weinstein 2006: ~80% pain less than 6 months. Major crossover issues. Intent-to-treat both improved. Advantage

foundational scripts developed during training. Diseases encountered less frequently will have less robust scripts. The key to diagnosis lies in appropriately selecting

like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It's less effective than other immunosuppressive or biologic therapies for RA, but

time above chance. Therefore the true agreement is 20%/40%, i.e. 50%, much less than the observed 80%. If two observers examine the same patients independently

grade 1: slight wrinkling and the fingertip is not smooth; grade 2: two or less lines of shallow wrinkling on the fingertip; grade 3: three or more lines

diagnosis with injection of local anaesthetic. The research on efficacy is less conclusive and more higher quality studies are needed. The current evidence

corticosteroid preparation sterile gauze adhesive dressing Ultrasound guidance is less painful and more convenient than fluoroscopy, with 98% of patients preferring

a positive test. Restricted Abduction: Limited unilateral hip abduction, less than 60°, is a sensitive sign. Perform gradually and it may need to be repeated

This article is a stub. Deep somatic pain sits in contrast to the less common cutaneous and neuropathic pain. It is otherwise known as musculoskeletal

date. Conversely, patients who are doing well compared to their average are less likely to present to doctors and enrol in trials. There is therefore an overrepresentation

being in more frequent contact with the lateral femoral epicondyle. ITBS is less common in sprinters because their knees have a higher degree of flexion at

of the data analysis is less than the prespecified alpha (significance level). In our example, the p-value is 0.02, which is less than the pre-specified

health outcomes (noninferiority study). If, however, the less invasive procedure resulted in less favourable health outcomes, it would be a severe error

but can involve additional ribs. Slipping of ribs 11 or 12 can occur but is less common. Damage to the cartilage can occur due to trauma, degenerative change

meniscus and posterior cruciate ligament. Isolated popliteus pathology is less common. Posterior lateral instability may be present. Main article: Popliteus

increase in collagen and reduction of elastin, they become more fibrous and less resilient. The increased collagen and collagen-proteoglycan binding leads

test is positive if the pain is reproduced at pressures of less than 50 psi (preferably less than 15 psi) and stimulation of adjacent control discs (i.e

knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint (less than biceps femoris) L5 S1 S2 Tibial Nerve Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity

the vertebral body is thinner and weaker than the inferior endplate and has less trabecular support from the pedicles in the parasagittal plane. Please note

pain as a criterion, 71% still had pain at 12 months. In studies that had a less stringent criteria, 57% still had pain at 12 months. Importantly, recurrences

tendinopathy Plantar fascia strain Stress fractures (navicular most common, less common cuneiform, cuboid, base second metatarsal) Peroneal tendinopathy Abductor

vehicle accidents. Calcaneus fractures are more common. Talus fractures though less common, are often associated with greater morbidity owing to the bone’s tenuous

indications, moving from treating permanently locked knees to those with less severe mechanical symptoms. The menisci are crescent-shaped, fibrocartilaginous

an irregular, branching, and anastomosing cylinder composed of a more or less centrally placed neurovascular canal surrounded by cell-permeated layers

Exam: painful movement restriction, passive ext rotation less than 30 degrees, passive elevation less than 100. Investigations: Xray to check for OA. 3 phases

knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint (less than biceps femoris) Synergists Antagonists Quadriceps Femoris Spinal innervation

Definitions and Radicular Pain and Radiculopathy to be clear on taxonomy) Less is known about the causes and mechanisms of cervical radicular pain compared

somewhat less, from 0° to 25°. External rotation ranges from 0° to 90° degrees and internal rotation from 0° to 70° when the hip joint is flexed. Less rotation

tangential layer is present in immature cartilage however the cells are larger and less discoid than adult tangential cells. The midzone is wider and has a larger

knee joint (when the knee is flexed beyond 90 degrees), extends hip joint (less than biceps femoris) Synergists Quadriceps Femoris Antagonists Spinal innervation

the pain is reproduced (greater than 7/10) at pressures of less than 50 psi (preferably less than 15 psi) and stimulation of adjacent discs doesn't reproduce

habitus: tall, slim, arm span greater than height >1.03 ratio, upper segment less than lower segment <0.89 ratio, arachnodactyly Skin striae, hyperextensibility

alternative technique for a 55% cure rate in those with grade I or II of less than 3 months duration. Main article: Trigger Finger Injection Corticosteroid

observation from the distribution centre or middle value. A low SD means less variability, while a high SD means more variability with the data being more

groups. However, surgery had a higher rate of serious adverse events and was less cost-effective compared to TFESI. The researchers concluded that for patients

injection frequently due to higher difficulty. This method is simple, safe, and less painful than the classic technique. The injection is done over the palmar

woman presents with subacute inflammatory proximal limb pain and weakness. A less succinct problem representation: A 60-year-old woman presents with two months

an RCT of 48 participants found that a 3:1 mixing ratio was significantly less painful than a 9:1 ratio. Median numerical pain ratings where 2.0 for 3:1

-scarred (due to increase in collagen) - becomes a fibrocartilaginous plate. ( less hydrated)  NP is no longer visible Fissures: - fissures and clefts are common

typically triggered by exposure to warmth and are relieved by cold. Other less consistent triggering factors include exercise, tight shoes, wearing socks

preparation sterile gauze adhesive dressing Smaller gauge needles can be less painful but are less stiff and can bend when trying to pass through the iliotibial band

likely to occur if there was exposure. If the relative risk is less than 1, then the event is less likely to occur if there was exposure. The relative risk is

reconstitute. Plain films demonstrate calcaneonavicular coalition. X-ray is less likely to demonstrate talocalcaneal coalition, where it is usually the middle

PLO and so is cosmetically more acceptable. It does not separate and has less chance of sensitivity. Compared to PLO lipoderm significantly increased skin

procedure. For example in intercostal nerve blocks the safe dose is 10 times less. Buffered Local Anaesthetic Golzari et al.. Lidocaine and pain management

non-exposed group. An odds ratio of less than 1 implies the odds of the event happening in the exposed group are less than in the non-exposed group. An odds

unusual amino acid citrulline. They are more specific (~96%) than RF but less sensitive (~75%). Similar to high-titre RF are associated with erosive RA

some may recommend ultrasound over MRI because it is less expensive. Ultrasound, moreover, is less likely to find "incidentalomas," that is, findings that

Environmental factors generally play less of a role Environmental factors play a stronger role Prevalence 1 in 2000 or less One thousand to one million times

in nerves. Acetylcholine is deactivated by acetylcholinesterase and other less specific enzymes in the extracellular space and basement membrane. The breakdown

Scale Grade Finding 0 Reflex absent despite reinforcement 1 Reflex small, less than normal; includes a trace response or a response brought out only with

in approximately 1 in 7000 people. Myotonic dystrophy type 2 is less frequent and less severe than type 1. Overall DM is the most common muscular dystrophy

radiographs are taken. There should be no finger rotation, less than 2 mm of displacement or shortening, and less than 10 degrees of angulation. Phalangeal fractures

higher prevalence of knee OA than white American women, although hip OA is less common in Chinese women. Additionally, lower socioeconomic status and rural

commonly seen in the supraspinatus tendon. Other tendons of the shoulder are less commonly affected. It can also be seen in multiple other different tendons

administration doesn't result in gastrointestinal side effects, and why there is less bronchoconstriction in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. This COX-2 inhibition

repetitions with rotation up to 1.5 degrees Fatigue failure is more likely with less repetitions with initial larger ranges of motion. Failure occurs in the form

that the prevalence of undiagnosed tumours or infections is substantially less than 0.4%. Epidural abscess: may present with neck pain prior to neurological

12 weeks. Subacute pain is pain present for longer than 5 or 7 weeks but less than 12 weeks. The management differs depending on the acuity. Main article:

patients may reports difficulty bending and having weak grip strength. Men are less likely to complete five chair stands without using their arms. Radicular

associated with post-injection duration of pain relief (P=.036). Patients with less than 1 year of symptoms had a median 6-12 weeks of postinjection pain relief

the transmission of light touch sensation involves both pathways and offers less localizing value when compared to specific assessment of proprioception or

radial and posterior interosseous nerves (finger extensors, supinator and less, pronator muscles) but the validity of the MRI findings is controversial

path with the target in the lower third of the muscle may be the safest and less painful. Puncture of quadratus, sciatic and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves

persistent pain include younger age, history of preoperative pain, interval less than three years from a prior surgery, severe early postoperative pain, postoperative

and weight loss. Shoe inserts: Felt pads or rubber heel cups seem to be less effective than silicone inserts. Mulligan calcaneal taping: The patient is

more effective functional treatment than elastic bandaging and result in less persistent swelling in the short term compared to semi-rigid ankle supports

Phenylpiperidine analogue (Codeine) Modulation Serotonin and NA reuptake Less Respiratory depression Less GIT S/E (for comparable analgesic effect) Tapentadol MOP receptor

strength, and endurance. The reduced capacity means high load on the tendon with less activity, and therefore more pain. Part of the clinical assessment is around

runs across the capsule, behind the superior articular process of C2, and less often behind the inferior articular process of C1. The variability means

clinical features with demyelinating CMT, those with axonal CMT tend to have less severe symptoms. DI-CMT: NCV between 35-45 m/s, exhibits a CMT phenotype

with oblique fracture line Further divided into those where fracture line less than 50% of femoral neck width vs greater than 50% Type III: Displaced Type

connected with Ogata et al, and the L-CEA with wiberg Femoral extrusion – normal less than 25% Lequesnes anterior centre edge angle – normal 25-50 Acetabular depth

the notch and bevel due to the rounded shape of its tip. However this is less relevant because the needle size used is typically larger around 18-20g.

midline, lateral radiograph shows anterior displacement of lower vertebra (less than ½ AP diameter of vertebral body). Unilateral facet dislocation Forced

unclear. Goom suspects that it may be more effective in modulating the pain in less reactive tendinopathies rather than early-stage reactive tendinopathies.

by pain during exertional activities, which gradually begins to occur with less intense activities and eventually even at rest. Typically there is diffuse

compared to Drug 22. Patients who received Drug 23 (n=100) were 2.1 times less likely than patients who received Drug 22 (n = 100) to experience symptoms

present following a high-energy trauma with a direct blow to the shoulder. Less commonly, proximal humerus fractures may occur as the result of a violent

Sulfonamides 11.1 97% 20 - 60% 2-4h 6-12h 100-200mg (400mg) COX-2 ≫ COX-1 Less GIT SEs∞. Increased CVD SEs. Etoricoxib Methylsulfons 4.96 92% ~ 100% 1h

located. If the needle is kept in the posterosuperior quadrant then it is less likely to hit a vessel. Some authors have even gone so far as to rename it

History is often of the patient punching an object with a clenched fist. Less often it can occur in non-traumatic situations such as in Rheumatoid Arthritis

planus, cavovarus foot, hypertrophy of abductor hallucis from running. It is less common than entrapment of its first branch, Baxter's nerve (inferior calcaneal

guided by pain levels, if pain is more than 5/10 go back a level, if it is less than 5/10 progress. Isometric exercises (5 x 45 seconds) Isotonic exercises

ESR doesn't exclude the diagnosis however; this finding is associated with less jaw claudication but not milder disease. There is also an elevated CRP. On

extreme plantarflexoin +/- inversion from upper motor neuron lesions. In less extreme situations serial casting, botulinum toxin, surgery, and moulded

Needle 21-25 gauge 70mm needle Steroid optional 40mg triamcinolone Volume Less than 2.5mL. The joint is "leaky" is 20-30%.

femoral head in the coronal plane, while a small angle means that there is less coverage leading to risk of dislocation and injury. A larger angle such as

affects males aged 20 to 40 years old. Affected women tend to be older, with less predilection for the dominant hand being affected. There is a higher incidence

layer is located between the parietal and visceral tenons. In areas with less friction, the tendon is surrounded by paratenon only. In the hands and toes

will usually add a recurvatum thrust visualised laterally. Valgus thrust is less common, and patients may circumduct their limb to avoid knocking their knees

warrant a change in the common belief that autistic individuals experience less pain, as this misinterpretation can lead to late diagnosis and poor treatment

on their weight and fracture pattern. Children in this age group weighing less than 50 kg with stable fracture patterns are treated with flexible intramedullary

mechanisms as well as physical abuse. The physis is an area of weakness and is less resistant to stress than the surrounding bone, ligaments, and other soft

the common carotid artery can be considered a cervical structure. There is less evidence for structures below C3 being sources of cervicogenic headache.

unaffected each motor unit actional potential (MUAP) leads to activation of less muscles fibres. This is seen by an increase in polyphasic activity, a decrease

standing erect. Here, the fracture is heralded by severe, persistent groin pain. Less commonly, younger patients will present with an acute hip fracture after

work in MDT. Pain medicine have a bias towards MDT and monotherapies, and less commonly engage in reductionism. This is the newest specialty in New Zealand

exiting L4 nerve root. The relationship between nerve roots and spinal anatomy Less commonly the exiting nerve root is irritated or compressed in the foramen

processes for specific tasks, and is also experience specific. Strategy is less important than mastery of the content. An example of how the traditional

muscle groups can work through them allowing isolated movements and we see less asymmetry. We see increasing synergy and coordination of the deep stabilising

may be similar to or coexist with plantar fasciitis. However there may be less morning pain, occasional altered sensation, and intrinsic muscle atrophy

symptoms. In adolescents it may be prudent todo radiographs as back pain is less common and red flag conditions may be more important. Advanced imaging such

seconds behind. At the finish line the concentration (amplitude) of dogs is less than previous points in the race, and the distance (duration) between the

patients underlying condition should be optimised. Surgical management is less reliable than osteoarthritis. Septic Arthritis This generally presents as

his daughters, but none of his sons. Males with the classic form, who have less than 1% α-Gal A enzyme activity, typically experience symptoms onset during

Normally it is 14° (female) and 11° (male) away from the body. The angle is less in children as compared to adults. In full flexion the angles become aligned

knees. For example each kilogram of weight loss results in 4 kilograms of less load on the knee per step. Adipokines, leptin, and inflammatory proteins

indicated for acute lateral epicondylitis Main article: Medial Elbow Tendinopathy less common that lateral epicondylitis ratio 1:6 seem to be lumped in with lateral

pressure contributes. In early osteoarthritis, the loss of swelling pressure is less severe than the compromise of mechanical properties of the solid matrix.

the humerus, aimed posteromedially towards the spine of the scapula This is less preferable to the posterior approach due to patient visualisation, sensitive

females. The most commonly affected segment is L4/5. Most are grade 1 (75%) and less than 25% slip. The average slip progression is 18%, There may be an initial

However it is uncertain how to determine the threshold for instability in less extreme situations. There are both displacing and restraining forces. With

considered in those over the age of 60. Infection: The pre-test probability is less than 0.01% but it may persist for a long time Malignancy: Spinal metastases

the iliac side. The joint space decreases with age, and becomes stiffer and less effective at shock absorption. The anterior aspect of the joint is innervated

surface is in contact with the glenoid fossa. The glenoid fossa also has a less curved shape compared to the humeral head, and this allows for sliding movements

this suggests that the calcification is very hard, and so barbotage may be less successful. sterile dressing pack, probe cover, ultrasound gel sterile gloves

coolness of the hand and fingertips. Fractures of the distal humerus are less common. They make up about one-third of humeral fractures and about 2% of

turn makes the tissue below the cartilage more rigid (technically speaking less compliant). The loss of compliance makes the entire system more prone to

Pectus carinatum The estimated incidence of pectus carinatum is 4 to 13 times less than that of pectus excavatum.[15] It is the second most common anterior

cancer received a second drug halfway through the treatment, they may be less likely to experience the event of dying, thus potentially invalidating results

the local anaesthetic and increases the duration of action. This effect is less with long acting anaesthetics. The following factors act at the site of injection

Moist Dry Tension Increased Ropey, stringy Tenderness Greatest Present but less Oedema Yes No Erythema test Redness lasts Fades quickly Viscero-somatic effects

antinociceptive effects. H1 and H2 receptors are predominantly found post-synaptically. Less is known about H3 and H4 receptors. H3 receptors are found mainly in neurons

6α-methylprednisolone has a slightly greater anti-inflammatory potency and less electrolyte-regulating potency compared to prednisolone. Fluorination in

Injectate dextrose 5%, steroid. Steroid 20mg triamcinolone optional Local Less for landmark guided.

can return to work. Injuries to the sagittal bands or the central slip are less common. Central slip dysfunction may be related to direct trauma or to a

North American case review of 98 patients, 37% of patients were children less than 16 years old. Another American review of 246 patients showed that 33%

Patients with type II SD may have a positive spinal balance if severe, but in less severe cases may not. However, a lumbar kyphosis on its own even without

to recall bias. Case-control studies are inexpensive, efficient, and often less time-consuming to conduct. This study design is especially suitable for rare

and stress fracture of the navicular and cuneiform. A tendinopathy seemed less likely due to the sudden onset of pain, but common tendinopathies of the

an extremity, particularly fractures, post-surgical states, and sprains. Less common precipitating events are spinal cord injuries, CVAs, head injuries

prevalence of red flag conditions in chronic low back pain is thought to be less than 5%. Main article: Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Pain Zygapophysial joints

radicular pain or radiculopathy, and neurogenic claudication. Motor symptoms are less common because they primarily affect the dorsal root. When changing from

2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5), while those with low parathyroid hormone levels were less likely to have cramps (OR = 0.8; 0.6-0.9). If the leg is indurated or edematous

predispose to dural puncture in caudal epidural injections. Short stature (height less than 5 feet) Short sagittal dimension of the sacrum Blind injection without

accurate indicator of the affected section. In radiculopathy sensory loss is less useful than motor and reflex changes. Reflex hammer - Aα (Ia and II) Camel

diagnostic information. In those where a definitive diagnosis made patients were less anxious and expressed favourable feelings about the diagnostic workup even

In isolated pectoralis minor entrapment, neck pain is usually absent or less intense. Overall patients with NTOS or combined NPMS/NTOS are more disabled

the clasp-knife phenomenon. This is usually seen in the knee extensors, and less commonly in the elbow flexors. The clinician extends the patient's knee with

limb buds. At a later date plexuses form, and then the nerves grow more-or-less directly to their appropriate targets, with motor nerves being earlier than

sartorius origin, and medial to the ASIS within the sartorius. LFCN entrapment is less likely with its more medial variants. Repetitive trauma to the LFCN can be

of the cartilage under stress. It deforms more strongly and is therefore less rigid than the underlying zones. If this zone is disturbed tissue permeability

plus the absence of pain over the greater tuberosity. Pain in both areas is less likely to be SIJ pain. The Fortin area is a 3 x 10cm area of pain just inferior

understand the fracture pattern. Scapula fractures are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all fractures and only 3-5% of fractures in the shoulder girdle

demands can typically return to baseline activities of daily living even with less than full motion or arthrosis. In younger patients with high energy mechanisms

required to fracture the larger and stronger first metatarsal, so these are much less common. In industrial injuries, the fifth metatarsal is most commonly injured

fractures may occur without bruising or visible deformity, patients may assume a less serious injury and delay seeking evaluation. Scaphoid fracture usually results

relief. Of those final 39 patients, 13 had at least 50% relief that lasted less than 6 weeks, and 26 (45%) had relief that lasted longer than 6 weeks (36

transfer may be done. Nerve transfer involves transferring a functional but less important nerve to a distal but more important denervated nerve. In deep

that if 100% relief of pain is used then the prevalence drops to about 5% or less. They continue however that the prevalence appears to be highly dependent

provides a favorable environment, while posterior fusion is more familiar but less load-sharing. Surgical Site Preparation: Proper fusion bed preparation is

elbow dislocation. Non-displaced fractures, occult fractures and those with less than 30 degrees of angulation can also be treated non-operatively. Fractures

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common cause of Charcot arthropathy, but other less common causes include spina bifida, cerebral palsy, meningomyelocele, syringomyelia

the posterior oblique ligaments and the medial collateral ligament and is less mobile. This reduced mobility may be a factor in why it is more commonly

wiki are narrative reviews. This section allows for producing articles with less risk of bias. There are two types of reviews: Single Journal Article: This

which has the patient at significantly greater external rotation which is less specific to the hip abductors. FABER: The FABER test is useful in the differential

family history of the disorder, arterial rupture or dissection in individuals less than 40 years of age, unexplained sigmoid colon rupture, or spontaneous pneumothorax

rather than cauda equina compression. Bowel dysfunction: Bowel involvement is less common than bladder involvement. There is no consensus as to what constitutes

as follows: Acute low back pain: Low back pain that has been present for less than 3 months Subacute low back pain: Low back pain that has been present

military recruits given calcium and vitamin D supplements have been shown to be less likely to sustain a stress fracture than recruits that did not take supplements

2015.20.382.6092]) Fractures of the femoral shaft and distal femur comprise less than 1% of all fractures. As noted, the incidence of femur fractures demonstrates

hyoid is fractured more commonly in the older victims of strangulation and is less likely to occur in younger victims of strangulation in the age group 20 to

controlled trial of patients with neck pain for at least two weeks (most patients less than 13 weeks), once weekly manual therapy (muscular mobilisation, specific

intervertebral foramen. They are generally a few millimetres, but can be less than 1mm with the roots branching directly into rami without the formation

main clinical features are instability of the axis or spinal cord injury. In less severe trauma, there is radiological evidence that the alar and transverse

Analytical Slow Explicit, based on knowledge and logic Deliberate/rational, less susceptible to bias Careful analysis to avoid diagnostic errors in complex

accidents are the most common cause for pelvic fractures. It is common to see less severe, stable fractures in the elderly population, particularly those who

Have the sequence start posterior to the spines. A STIR will suffice but less resolution 7th January 2020 (11 weeks post injury) 9 cm 22-gauge spinal needle

exercise bike, but he finds the exercises uncomfortable. He finds he is walking less. It has gotten to the extent that can't do gym work anymore. He feels frustrated

will have improved function, become stronger and more flexible and therefore less painful; try to obtain a relaxed motion pattern for your body, and stretching

demonstrated similar efficacy in pain relief as nonselective COX inhibitors with less GI toxicity in previous trials. However, these trials also suggested possible

Race: White 81%, Black 12%, Other 10% Married or living with another: 46/190 Less than high school education: 49/190 General Health Information: Cigarette